John Milton 课件

TeamMembers:陈翠邓威贺悦JohnMilton约翰·米尔顿(1680—1674)JohnMilton约翰·弥尔顿(9December1608–8November1674)HewasanEnglishpoet,polemicist(辩论家),ascholarlymanofletters（学者）,andacivilservantfortheCommonwealthofEnglandunderOliverCromwell（奥利弗·克伦威尔）.Hewroteatatimeofreligiousfluxandpoliticalupheaval,andisbestknownforhisepicpoemParadiseLost.MiltonwroteinLatin,ItalianandEnglish,andhadaninternationalreputationduringhislifetime.Hispoetryandprosereflectdeepconvictionsandaddressedurgent,contemporaryissues.JohnMiltonwasthesecondsonofMilton′sfamily,hisfatherJohnMiltonSr.workedasscrivener(公证人),alegalsecretarywhosedutiesincludedpreparationandnotarizationofdocuments,aswellasrealestatetransactionsandmoneylending.Milton'sfatherwasalsoacomposerofchurchmusic,andMiltonhimselfexperiencedalifelongdelightinmusic.JohnMiltonhadthreemarriages,hisfirstwifeMarywasonly17yearsoldwhengotmarriedwith37yearsMilton,shegiven4childrenforMiltonandoneofthemdiedatayoungage.Hissecondwifediedofmogitocia(难产)，MiltongotalongwithhisthirdwifeElizabethwell.1608MiltonwasborninLondon1620studiedatStPaul'sSchoolinLondon(LatinandGreek)1625wasadmittedtoChrist'sCollege,CambridgeandgraduatedwithaB.A.in16291632obtainedhisMasterofArtsatCambridge1632-1638retiredtheofficialworkandlivinginacountryvillatoaccumulatehisknowledge1638beganhisEuropeanjourney1641startedtowritepoliticandreligiousprose1652wasblindandcomposethreeofhisgreatworks1674diedinthecompanyofhisintimatesPoeticworksMasque（假面剧）ProsePamphletGreatWorksLycidas《利希达斯》1638EpitaphiumDamonis1639OntheLateMassacreinPiedmont1645ItiscomposedforacollectionofelegiesforthedeathofMilton’sfriendnamedEdwardKing.Withthissenseofloss,Miltonquestionswhythejustandgoodpersonshouldsuffer.Atasteofrequiring,rage,sorrowcouldbeleft.Finally,theconsolationorthecomfortcouldemetinart.Theclimaxofthispoemistheangryattackonthecorruptedclergy.《利希达斯》是献给弥尔顿好友爱德华·金的挽歌。带着这份悲痛，弥尔顿质问苍天，为什么要让正直的人遭受苦难？那种疑问，愤怒和悲伤的情感溢于言表。全诗的高潮体现在对腐败牧师的责骂。Camus酒神之假面舞会1634讲的是酒神祭典中被延伸出来的假面舞会，这个结清可以追溯到古希腊罗马时期：在古代的神话传说中，就记载着民间的狂欢仪式，可以把它视为崇拜酒神，也可以将之看做当时城市的一种象征。在人文方面，那些在夸张多变假面具后面转动着的眼睛，则诉说了人们诡谲的内在。Areopagitica(1644)Tetrachordon(1645)Colasterion(1645)OfReformation(1641)EpistolaeFamiliaries(1674)（书信集）AtreatiseofCivilPower(1659)OfTrueReligion(1673Areopagitica（《论出版自由》）：Miltonspendshismorethan20yearstothefightforpolitical,religiousandpersonalliberty.Areopagitioseishismostfamousprosework.Itisapleaorrequestforfreedomofthepress弥尔顿为政治、宗教和人类的自由口诛笔伐20载，《论出版自由》是他最著名的散文作品，主张言论自由。ParadiseLost(失乐园)1667ParadiseRegained（复乐园)1671SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）1671LostParadisePart1TheIntroductionPart2TheContentPart3TheThemePart4TheBackgroundPart1TheIntroductionParadiseLostisalongepicdividedinto12books.ItispraisedastheonlyepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.ThestoryisborrowedfromtheoldTestament,Genesis.Part2TheContentWecanfeelMilton’sconcernwithfreedomandchoiceinthecoreoftheconflictbetweenhumanloveandspiritualduty.1、ThefreedomtoobeyorsubmittoGod’swill.2、Thechoiceofdisobediencemadeforlove.Finally,AdamchoosesloveratherthanobeyingGod.Thekeystoneisthefreedomofthewill.Part3TheThemeThethemeisthe“FallofMan“.WorkingthroughthetraditionofaChristianhumanism,MiltonwroteParadiseLost,intendingtoexposethewaysofStanandto“justifythewaysofGodtomen”.ItopensthewayforthevoluntarysacrificeofChristwhichshowedthemercyofGodinbringinggoodoutofevil.Part4TheBackgroundIn1639,theUnitedKingdomrevolutionarysituationisstrained,Miltonreturnsbacktohomelandparticipateinopposeakingfightingwithstatereligion.Hadannouncedalotofpoliticalcommentbooklet,republicin1649beingfounded,thenewgovernmentappointshetoLatinsecretary.1.God:selfishdespot(暴君),cruel,unjust2.AdamandEveembodyMilton’sbeliefinthePowerofman,craving(longing)forKnowledge.3.God’sangelsarefoolish,resemblingthecourtofanabsolutemonarch.4.Satanisarebelagainsttyranny(专制，暴行)andSatanandhisfollowersresemblearepublicanParliament.TheImageofSatan1.Satanistherealheroofthepoem.2.Heisfirmerthantherestoftheangels.3.Hehasaninvincible(战无不胜的)heart.Whoisthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem?TheImageofSatan4.Satanremainssuperiorinnobilityandwelcomeshisdefeatandhistormentsasaglory,alibertyandajoy;5.SatanisthespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod.6.MiltonmakesSatanashisownmouthpiece(代言人).ThepoemwascomposedinMilton‘scottageinChalfontStGilesinBuckinghamshire,andwasbasedontheGospel（圣经·新约）ofLuke'sversionoftheTemptationofChrist.ParadiseRegainedisfourbooksinlength,incontrastwithParadiseLost'stwelve.ItdealswiththesubjectoftheTemptationofChrist.OneofthemajorconceptsemphasizedthroughoutParadiseRegainedistheplayonreversals.Asimpliedbyitstitle,MiltonsetsouttoreversethelossofParadise.Thus,antonymsareoftenfoundnexttoeachotherthroughoutthepoem,reinforcingtheideathateverythingthatwaslostinthefirstepicisgoingtoberegainedbytheendofthemini-epic.Additionally,thisworkfocusesontheideaof“hunger”,bothinaliteralandinaspiritualsense.Afterwanderinginthewildernessforfortydays，JesusisstarvedofbothfoodandtheWordofGod，Heistooblindtoseeanynon-literalmeaningsoftheterm.Satan,offersChristfoodandvariousothertemptations,butJesuscontinuallydenie