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-ing形式作状语2.-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。1.-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。1.作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.=When______________________,theycouldn’thelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。theyheardthebadnewsHavingreceivedhisletter,Idecidedtowriteback.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。=After_______________________,Idecidedtowriteback.Ihadreceivedhisletter注意：当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：havingdone_______________(finish)hishomework,herushedouttoplaybasketball.HavingfinishedHavingbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.=_______________hehadbeentotheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。Because(As)=Because__________________,hecouldn’tgotosleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。2.作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.hewassoangry3.作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=If______________,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。youworkhard4.作让步状语-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与evenif,though连用。如：Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidn’tgetenoughfood.=Though_____________________________________,hedidn’tgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。hisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight5.作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.Whenworkinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.=When_____________________,hewasanadvancedworker.注意：1.-ing短语与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：heworkedinthefactory连词+现在分词Thoughwillingtoattendtheparty,herefusedtheinvitation.=Thoughhewaswillingtoattendtheparty,…用“连词+现在分词”的结构Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.=Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.2.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：Hetraveledontheplanelikethis,keepingthetortoisehiddeninablanket.=Whenhetraveledontheplanelikethis,hekeptthetortoisehiddeninablanket.1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.Choosethecorrectsentence.FTFT3.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.4.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.FTTF5.a.Beingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.b.Itbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。如：Hesatthere,notknowingwhattosay.FT语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone注意：1.当v-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应使用被动式：beingdoneBeinghelpedbytheteacher,shewilllearnEnglishwell.2.当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应用完成被动式：havingbeendoneHavingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.____________________(translate)intomanylanguages,thebookwaswidelyreadallovertheworld.Havingbeentranslated1.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thus____thedelay.A.tocauseB.causingC.causedD.causeExercise2.Afterseeingthemovie,_____.A.thebookwasreadbyhimB.thebookmadehimwanttoreaditC.hewantedtoreadthebookD.thereadingofthebookinterestedhim