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Languagepoints1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.Nooneseeswhathe’ssaying,asitistoohard.仿写：没人明白他在说什么，因为那太难理解了。2.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.beginwith=startwith：“以……开始”.1)tobeginwith=tostartwith以…为起点;开始(做)这两个词组都可以单独使用,表示“首先;第一;起初;最初”。在句中作时间状语。e.g.Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tlikehimatall.起初,我一句也没弄明白。3.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.[考点]what引导的主语从句，第一句what在从句中作become的宾语，第二句what在从句中作主语。[考例1]_____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.（山东2008）A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As[点拨]选B。what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。若选it则应去掉第二个is；as引导定语从句，若选as则应去掉isthat。[考例2]______isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.（福建2008）A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which[点拨]what引导主语从句并且在从句中作sayanddo的宾语。1.______________________（使大家吃惊的是）isthathedidn’tcometothemeeting.Whatsurprisedeverybody2.___________（他所做的）addedtoourdifficulty.Whathedid仿写:李老师明天将去北京，直到那时才能知道谁将代替她给我们上课。___________________________________________________________________________WhowillgiveuslessonsinplaceofMissLiisn’tknownuntiltomorrowwhenshewillgotoBeijing.4.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.1)violent猛烈的，激烈的2)whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;而if只能引导宾语从句。•引导宾语从句既可以用whether,也可以用if,两者常可以互换。Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldlendhimmybike.Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?值得注意的是：①whether和if都可以和ornot连用,但是whether之后可以直接跟ornot,而if则不能,如：Idon’tcarewhetherornotyourcarbreaksdown.Idon’tknowwhetherornothe’scoming.但是不可以说：Idon’tcareifornotyourcarbreaksdown.②whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外);而if则可以跟否定结构,如:Idon’tcareifshedoesn’tcome.Idon’tcareifitdoesn’train.但是,在某些动词或形容词之后,则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子,这种结构往往表示肯定的含义,如：Iwonderwhetherhedoesn’tthinktoomuchofhimself.其意思相当于:Ithinkhedoesthinktoomuchofhimself.③在个别动词之后,如discuss等,只跟用whether引导的宾语从句,如:Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldclosetheshop.WediscussedwhetherMarycouldjoinus.④whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语,而if则不能,如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.⑤whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用,而if则不能,如:Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.•引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether,不用if,如：Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.•引导表语从句用whether,不用if,如:Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.Thequestioniswhetherhewillspeakatthemeeting.•引导同位语从句用whether,不用if,如:Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisessential.IamindoubtwhetherIshouldagreetotheplan.5.Theywereintimetoproducethewater...intime:soonerorlater;eventually;I’llseehimintime.intime(forsth./todosth.):notlateShewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.与time相关的短语:innotime立刻,马上attimes有时atatime每次;依次onceuponatime从前ontime按时;准时atonetime从前forthetimebeing暂时fromtimetotime不时地(sth)beto(do):1.不可避免要发生或必须发生。Sheistobehonouredforthisgreatwork.2.表示按计划、安排要发生的动作Whenaretheytohandintheirplan?3.表命令Tellhersheisnottobebacklate!6.…astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.随着地球的冷却,地球的表面就开始出现了水。1)cooldown变凉,冷却,平息,冷静晒了一天的太阳之后,他喜欢在海水中凉快一下。Afteradayinthesun,helikedto__________inthesea.他的话平息了她的怒气。Hiswords_____________heranger.cooldowncooleddown2)appear“出现,似乎”是不及物动词当表示“似乎,好像”时是系动词,该词无被动语态。OurteacherappearedonTVthismorning.I.含义上的差异appear是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的,但实质上并不一定如此;seem是表示说话人主观上的判断,暗含有一定的根据,往往接近事实的判断;look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断,实质上也可能如此。Sheisfiftybutsheappearsyoung.她五十岁了,但看起来很年轻。(其实并非如此)Sheseemsyoung.她看起来很年轻。(根据个人的主观判断而推断出)Shelooksyoung.她很年轻。(从她外表可以感觉出)II.用法上的差异a.appear,look,seem后均可带名词、形容语、tobe结构。Themanwhocameyesterdayappeared/seemed/lookedanhonestman.昨天来的那个人看来是一个诚实的人。b.look可用于进行时,而seem,appear一般不能。Heislookingveryhappy.他现在看起来很高兴。c.appear和seem之后可接动词不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式,而look之后除了能接tobe结构外,不接其它动词不定式形式。Sheappearedtoagreewithyou.他好像同意你的意见。Theydon’tseemtohavereadthisnovel.他们好像没有读过这本小说。d.look,seem能与介词like构成习语，意思是“看上去象”,而appear却不能。例如:ItseemslikeyearssinceIlastsawyou.自从上次见到你后,好像很久没有见到你了。Helookslikeastudent.他看起来象个学生。e.seem,look后均可接asif,asthough引导的表语从句,从句中既可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气,而appear则不能。Itseemed/lookedasifhehadbeentoBeijing.看起来他去过北京。f.appear和seem均可接that引导的从句,而look不能。Itseems/appearsthatwewon’tfinishthisworktoday.我们好像今天完不成这项工作。g.appear和seem可用于therebe结构中,而look不能。如:Thereappearstohavebeenanaccident.好像出了一次事故。7.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.水会对于生命的发展起关键作用,这一点在当时并不太明显。本句体现的是名词性从句在句中作主语的作用,虽然是以It开头,可是It只起到形式主语的作用,真正的主语是thatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife。用It做形式主语是因为that引导的从句较长,如果按照正常语序来安排的话就显得头重脚轻了。如:Itisnowonderthathehaspassedtheexam.ItisquitenecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.8.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.1)Chainreaction连锁反应2)Makeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.使生命的发展成为可能makeit+adj./n.sb./sth.todosth.组长让我们可以一起合作。Thegroupleader____________________________________.老师让他们跟容易地明白那个问题。Theteacher________________________________________________.makeitpossibleforustoworktogethermadeiteasyforthemtounderstandthequestion9.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.lay-laid-laid-laying放,把......放在......;产卵Helaidhisbooksonthedesk.注意:lay(