精馏塔再沸器工艺设计第1页共13页目录目录...............................................................1精馏塔再沸器工艺课程设计...........................................21.设计任务及设计条件...............................................22.方案论证.........................................................23.估算设备尺寸.....................................................34.传热系数校核.....................................................35.循环流量校核.....................................................76.设计结果汇总....................................................127.工艺流程图......................................................138.带控制点的工艺流程图............................................13精馏塔再沸器工艺设计第2页共13页精馏塔再沸器工艺设计1.设计任务及设计条件(1)设计任务:精馏塔塔釜,设计一台再沸器(2)再沸器壳层和管层的设计条件:壳层管层温度/℃85~11583压力(绝压)/MPa0.151.12冷凝量/(kg/h)1500--蒸发量/(kg/h)--6000(3)物性数据壳层凝液在定性温度100℃下的物性数据:潜热γ0=812.24kJ/kg热导率λ0=0.023W/(m•K)粘度=0.361mPa•s密度ρ0=717.4kg/m3管层流体83℃下的物性数据:潜热γi=31227.56kJ/kg液相热导率λi=0.112W/(m•K)液相粘度=0.41mPa•s液相密度=721kg/m3液相定压比热容=2.094kJ/(kg•K)表面张力=1.841×10-2N/m汽相粘度=0.0067mPa•s汽相密度=0.032kg/m3蒸汽压曲线斜率(Δt/Δp)s=2.35×10-3m2•K/kg2.方案论证立式热虹吸再沸器是利用塔底釜液与换热器传热管内汽液混合物的密度差形成循环推动力,使得釜液在精馏塔底与再沸器间流动循环。立式热虹吸再沸器具有传热系数高,结构紧凑,安装方便,釜液在加热段的停留时间短,不易结垢,调节方便,占地面积小,设备及运行费用低等显著优点。由于结垢原因,壳层不能采用机械方法清洗,因此壳层不适宜用高黏度或较脏的加热介质,本设计中壳层介质为乙醇蒸汽,较易清洗。精馏塔再沸器工艺设计第3页共13页3.估算设备尺寸计算热流量为)(1038.33600/100024.81215005Wqbmb计算传热温差mt为(11583)(8583)10.82()(11583)(8583)mtKLn假设传热系数K=XX,估算传热面积Ap为拟用传热管规格230,管长L=3000m,计算总传热管数NTNT=1006303.014.334.2840LdAp若将传热管按正三角形排列,则可用NT=3a(a+1)+1,b=2a+1,D=t(b-1)+(2~3)d0计算壳径D为D=32×(37-1)+3×30≈1400mm取管程进口管径Di=250mm,出口管直径D0=600mm。4.传热系数校核(1)显热段传热系数KCL设传热管出口处汽化率xe=0.048,则可计算循环流量qmt:)/(72.34048.06000skgxqqembmt①显热段管内表面传热系数则计算传热管内质量流速G为)(534.01006026.0414.34)]/([03.65534.072.342222mNdiSismkgSqGTimt雷诺数Re为精馏塔再沸器工艺设计第4页共13页9.41231041.003.65026.0Re3idiG普朗特数为67.7112.010361.010094.2Pr33iipiC计算显热段传热管内表面传热系数ih为3/13/1PrRe03.5iiidh②计算管外冷凝表面传热系数计算蒸汽冷凝的质量流量qm0为qm0=)/(42.01024.8121038.3350skg计算传热管外单位润湿周边上凝液的质量流量M为M=)/([0044.0100603.014.342.0200smkgNdqTm计算冷凝液膜的Re0为Re0=71.4810361.00044.04430M计算管外冷凝表面传热系数h0为)]/([47.30071.48)023.081.9721)10361.0((88.175.0Re)(88.175.023/132233/13220KmWgh其中0.75为修正因子。③污垢热阻及管壁热阻沸腾侧Ri=1.8×10-4m2•K/W,冷凝侧R0=1.4×10-4精馏塔再沸器工艺设计第5页共13页m2•K/W,管壁热阻RW=4.299×10-5m2•K/W。计算显热段传热系数KCL为)]/([98.18247.3001104.1028.003.010229.4026.003.0108.1026.086.66103.0111235300000KmWhRddRddRdhdKmwiiiiCL(2)蒸发段传热系数KCE计算传热管内釜液的质量流率Gh为Gh=3600G=3600×65.03=2.34×105kg/(m2•h)当xe=0.048时,计算Martinelli参数Xtt为148.0)0067.0/41.0()721/032.0(]048.0/)048.01[(///11.05.09.01.05.09.0vbbvxexeXttXtt/11/0.148=6.76由Gh=2.34×105kg/(m2•h)及Xtt/16.76,查图3-29得aE=0.8。当x=0.8xe=0.8×0.048=0.0384时48.5)41.0/0067.0()032.0/721()]0384.01/(0384.0[//)1/(/11.05.09.01.05.09.0bvvbeexxXttXtt/1由Gh=2.34×105kg/(m2•h)及Xtt/15.48,查图3-29得a´=1.0。计算泡核沸腾修正因数a为9.020.18.02`aaaE计算泡核沸腾表面传热系数hnb为精馏塔再沸器工艺设计第6页共13页)]/([05.141)10841.1026.01012.1()1032.0721()1041.01012.334.284026.01038.3(67.7026.0112.0025.01Pr225.0231.02633.069.037569.031.033.069.069.0KmWpdAdidhivbbbpibnb计算以液体单独存在为基准的对流表面传热系数hi)/([21.16967.7)]0384.01(9.4123)[026.0/112.0(03.5Pr)]1)[Re(/(03.523/13/13/13/1KmWxdhibi计算对流沸腾因子Ftp为19.848.55.3)/1(5.35.05.0XttFtp计算两相对流表面传热系数htp)]/([65.138621.16991.82KmWhFhitptp计算沸腾传热膜系数为)/([59.151305.1419.065.13862KmWahhhnbtpiE计算蒸发段传热系数KCE为)]/([01.22347.3001104.1028.003.010299.4026.003.0108.1026.059.151303.0111245400000KmWhRddRddRdhdKmwiiiiCE(3)显热段和蒸发段长度计算显热段的长度LBC与传热管总长L的比值为精馏塔再沸器工艺设计第7页共13页431.0]72.34721094.282.1098.1821006026.014.31035.2/[1035.2])/[()/(33mtbpiCLTissBCqCtmKNdptptLL(4)平均传热系数计算传热系数KC为)]/([75.20537.101.2333.198.1822KmWLLKLKKCDCEBCLCC需要传热面积为AC=)(02.152)82.1075.205/(1038.3)/(25mtmKC(5)面积裕度实际传热面积A=3.14×0.03×3×1006=284.34(m2)H=(A-AC)/A=(284.34-152.02)/28.34=46.5%该再沸器的传热面积合适。5.循环流量校核(1)循环推动力当3/xex0.016时,计算Martinelli参数Xtt为41.0)0067.0/41.0()721/032.0(]016.0/)016.01[()/()/(/)1(1.05.09.01.05.09.0vbbvxxXtt计算两相流的液相分率RL131.0)141.02141.0(41.01215.025.02XttXttXttRL计算3/xex0.016处的两相流平均密度pt为pt=)/(5.94131.0721)131.01(0032.0)1(3mkgRRLbLv精馏塔再沸器工艺设计第8页共13页当x=xe=0.048时,计算Martinelli参数Xtt为76.6)0067.0/41.0()721/032.0(]048.0/)048.01[()/()/(/)1(1.05.09.01.05.09.0vbbvxxXtt计算两相流的液相分率RL为492.0)176.62176.6(76.61215.025.02XttXttXttRL计算x=xe=0.048处的两相流平均密度ρpt为)/(9.354131.0721)131.01(0032.0)1(3mkgRRLbLvpt参照表3-19并根据焊接需要取l1.26,于是可计算循环推动力Dp)(02.610481.9]9.35426.1)5.94721(7.1[])([PaglLpptptbCDD(2)循环阻力①管程进口管阻力1p的计算计算釜液在管程进口管内的质量流速G为)]/([71.70725.0414.372.344222smkgDiqGmt计算釜液在进口管内的流动雷诺数Rei为431533)1041.0/(71.70725.0/3bieiGDR计算进口管长度与局部阻力当量长度Li为)(30.29)1914.00254.0/25.0(3426.0)0254.0/25.0()1914.00254.0/(3426.0)0254.0/(22mDDLiii计算进口管内流体流动的摩擦系数i为018.04315337543.001227.07543.001227.038.038.0eiRi计算管程进口管阻力1p1p=)(23.721721271.70725.030.29018.0222PaGDLbiii②传热管