无刷直流电动机控制系统设计方案

河南科技学院新科学院2017届本科毕业论文（设计）无刷直流电动机控制系统设计方案学生姓名：所在系别：电气工程系所学专业：电气工程及其自动化导师姓名：完成时间：2017年4月17号摘要永磁无刷直流电机是一个及电机与电力电子一体化的新型电机，永磁无刷电动机系统是是通过电机与辅助器共同作用下运行的，利用电力电子功率变换装置的特性代替传统的机械电刷进行转向的控制系统，这与以往的电机有很大的不同。随着电机控制理论、控制理论、数字脉宽调制以及现代控制技术的飞快进步，从而使永磁无刷电机得到了快速的发展，目前永磁无刷直流电机已经普遍存在日常生活当中了，并且被广泛使用。本次设计的重点是,设计电机的硬件设计与软件编程。把无刷直流电动机做为控制系统，其中最重要的组成部分是驱动电机，其次是利用位置传感器测定电机的运转方向；其中位置传感器在代替电刷方面起着重要的作用，单片机做为采集信号的重要元件用来处理反馈过来的信号，通过单片机进行编程控制从而使无刷直流电动机正常运行。关键词:永磁无刷直流电动机，电力电子技术，霍尔位置传感器，单片机AbstractPermanentmagnetbrushlessDCmotorisanewtypemotorandmotorwithpowerelectronicintegration,permanentmagnetbrushlessmotorsystemisrunbyboththemotorandtheauxiliarydeviceunderthecontrolofsteeringsystemofmechanicalbrushbyusingthecharacteristicofpowerelectronicpowerconverterdevicetoreplacethetraditionalone.Thisisquitedifferentfromthepastthemotorwithmotorcontroltheory,controltheory,fastprogressandmoderndigitalPWMcontroltechnology,sothatthepermanentmagnetbrushlessmotorhasbeentherapiddevelopmentofthepermanentmagnetbrushlessDCmotorhasbeenwidelyexistindailylife,andhasbeenwidelyused.Thefocusofthisdesignisthedesignofhardwareandsoftwaredesignofthemotor.ThecontrolsystemforbrushlessDCmotor,themostimportantpartisthedrivingmotor,followedbydeterminationofmotorrunningdirectionbypositionsensor;thepositionsensorinplaceofthebrushplaysanimportantroleforthesignalchipanimportantcomponentofsignalacquisitionforprocessingoverthefeedbackcontrolthroughthemicrocontrollerprogramming,sothatthenormaloperationofBrushlessDCmotor.Keywords:：Permanent，Positionsensor-less，Control，SinglechipI目录1绪论............................................................................................................................11.1永磁无刷直流电机的发展历史......................................................................11.2永磁无刷直流电机的介绍..............................................................................11.3无刷直流电动机的应用..................................................................................22永磁无刷直流电动机................................................................................................22.1永磁无刷直流电机的特点..............................................................................22.2永磁无刷直流电机的结构框图.......................................................................22.3永磁无刷直流电机的原理...............................................................................32.4永磁无刷电动机的组成模块..........................................................................42.5无刷电机与有刷电机的区别..........................................................................53无刷直流电机硬件设计............................................................................................53.1控制系统的硬件设计框图..............................................................................53.2逆变电路..........................................................................................................63.2.16路MOS管上下桥开通原理...............................................................63.3驱动及驱动保护模块......................................................................................73.3.1光电耦合器6N137................................................................................73.3.2IR2130驱动芯片....................................................................................73.3.3硬件电路图............................................................................................83.4单片机外围电路..............................................................................................93.4.1PIC16F877A芯片的内部结构..............................................................93.4.2外围电路图设计..................................................................................103.5总硬件电路图................................................................................................114系统的软件设计......................................................................................................114.1A/D转化模块.................................................................................................114.2软件设计流图................................................................................................124.2中断流程框图................................................................................................134.4处理位置传感器的检测信号........................................................................145无刷直流电机的仿真..............................................................................................155.1数学模型........................................................................................................155.2PI调节器的建模和特性的研究.................................................................16II5.2.1PI调节器的传递函数................................................................................165.2.2带积分限幅的PI调节器....................................................................195.3电机调速系统仿真模型................................................................................215总结...........................................................................................................................24致谢..................................................................................