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名称定义效果或作用举例Alliteration头韵ItistherepetitionofinitialconsonantinsequenceofwordsItisgoodforsoundrhyme,musicaleffectandsignificantemphasisDeathpaysalldebts.Assonance元韵Itistheresemblanceofvowelsoundsinthestressedsyllablesofasequenceofwords.Itcreatesamusicalrhythmforaparticulareffectofeuphonyandconveyvarioussensoryimpressions.Littlestrokesfellgreatoaks.Consonance辅韵Itreferstotherepetitionofthefinalandidenticalconsonantswhoseprecedingvowelsaredifferent.同上FarmsNotArmsOnomatopoeia拟声Itisusedtodescribethephenomenonoflanguagesoundinglikethethingitrefersto.Ithelpsmakedescription.Ithelpsmaketheimpliedexquisitenessofthedictionmoredirectlytoreadersinanauditoryway.Mew-mew,saysthecat.Pun双关Apuninvolvestheuseofapolysemouswordtosuggesttwoormoremeanings,commonlyliteralmeaningversusfigurativemeaning,orinvolvestheuseofhomonyms.Thewholepointofapunistheuser'sintenttoproduceahumorousorwittyeffectfromthejuxtapositionofmeanings.Ifwedon'thangtogetherwe'llhangseparately.Repetition重复Itisapowerfulrhetoricaldevicewhichcreatesgoodrhythmandparallelismtomakethelanguagemusical,emphatic,attractiveandmemorable.Wordrepetitioncanknittheideastogether,emphasizeanidea,andgenerateemotionalforce.例如long，longago.Anaphora句首重复Itistherepetitionofthesamewordatbeginningofsuccessiveclauses,sentencesorverses.Itisusedtogainmoreemphasistoconveystrongemotions.例如Nopains,nogains.Butinalargesensewecan'tdedicate,wecan'tconsecrate,wecan'thallowthisground.Epiphora句末重复Ititarepetitionofthesamewordsorphrasesattheendofsuccessivelines,clausesorsentences.Ititalwaysusedtostressheavily.Graspall,loseall.Sownothing，reapnothing.Simploce首末同时重复Itistherepetitionoftwosetsofwordsorphrases,ofwhichonesetisrepeatedatthebeginningandtheothersetisrepeatedattheendofsentence.Itisemployedtoachieveemphasis.Wearethehollowmen,Wearethestuffedmen.Anadiplosis顶真ItistherepetitionofthelastpartofaunitorsentenceatthebeginningofthenextunitorsentenceItisusedforthesakeofaestheticfeelingortogiveasenseoflogicalprogressionofideas.Orforemphasisoftherepeatedwordofidea.Forglancesbegetogles,oglessighswishes,wisheswords,andwordsaletter.Parallelism平行结构TheideasthataretobeequallystressedshouldbepairedandsequencedinthesamegrammaticalformTocreateagoodvisualimageandhelpourreadermovequicklyfromoneideatothenext.Governmentofthepeople,bythepeople,andforthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.Antithesis对偶Placingcontrastingideassidebysideforemphasisandrhythm.Theelementsarecontraryinmeaningbutsimilarinform.Italwaysgivesstrength,addsvividnessandappealstotheaudience'semotion.Itresultsinlinguisticbrevityandrhythmicharmony.Itisthebestoftimes;itistheworstoftimes.Climax层进Ititthearrangementofwords,phrase,clausesorsentencesinascendingorderofimportance.Ideasarrrangedinsuchawaydevelopgradually,likeclimbingaladder,eachideaoutweightingtheprecedingone.Itisextremelyeffectiveinstirringupfeelingsandemotions,andhelpstodrivehomeapoint.Icame,isaw,iconquered.Wewantpeace,wewantfreedom,wewantabetterlife.Anticlimax突降法Itisfigureofspeechthatinvolvesstatingone'sthoughtsinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensity.Itisoftenemployedtoridiculeorsatirize.Sometimesusedtoachieveemphasisorfortheeffectofbeingcomicorhumorous.Whereshallifindhope,happiness,friends,cigarettes?Syllepsis一语双叙Itisaconstructioninwhichthewordthatgovernstwoofmoreotherwordsmeansdifferentlywhenitiscollocatedwiththesewordsseparately.Itisoftenusedforcomicorsatiriceffect.Toproduceawitty,humorousorsatiricaleffect,itoughttobeoriginalandcreative.Today,hehasablueheartandcoat.Zeugma轭式搭配Itisafigureofspeechinwhichawordisusedtomodifyorgoverntwoormorewordsalthoughitsuseisnotgrammaticallyorlogicallycorrectwithallofthem.Weateabunandaglassofmilk.Theywenttothegraveyardwithweepingeyesandhearts.chiasmus交错重复句Itisaconstructioninvolvingtherepetitionofwordorsyntacticelementsinreverseorder.(ab//ba)Itcanexpresssophisticatedidea,deepthoughtandeventtwistedconceptsinthecomplexsociety.Oneshouldeattolive,notlivetoeat.Rhetoricalquestions设问Itisonequestionthatdoesnotneedananswer,fortheanswerissuggestedbythespeaker,orpresumedbythespeakertobefairlyobviousorprobablyknowntotheaudience.Itoftenservesthepurposeoflayinganemphasis,orgettingtheaudiencetobemoreinvolvedandinterested.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?Simile明喻Itisafigureofspeechbywhichtwoconceptsortwodissimilarthingsareimaginativelyanddescriptivelycomparedbecausetheyhaveatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommonorresemblance.Itsfunctionistodrawsharppicturesinthemindthroughcomparisons,togivedeeperinsightintothings,personsandideasthroughsuggestiveassociation,ortoexplainabstract,complicatedideasinsimple,concreteimagery.Hehadnomoreideaofmoneythanacow.Itisusedforvividandeffectivedescription.Theycandrawsharppictureinthemindwithbrevity.Metaphor隐喻Itisawayofusingwordstoindicatesomethingdifferentfromtheirliteralmeaning——onethingisdescribedintermsofanothersoastosuggestalikenessoranalogybetweenthem.Alltheworldisastage.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.Metonymy借代Afigureofspeechinvolvingthesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.Bycompressin