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Shakespeare莎士比亚简介Group1•Personnel:•人员介绍：WetalkabouttheirownunderstandingofShakespeare!大家讲讲自己所了解的莎士比亚吧!1RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》2themerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》3Hamlet3《哈姆雷特》•Sowhat?•FollowingourgrouptoknowShakespeare!那么还有哪些呢？跟随我们小组来了解莎翁吧！Shakespeare(1564~1616)theGreatRenaissancedramatist,poet,EuropeanRenaissancehumanismliteraturesynthesizer.莎士比亚（W.WilliamShakespeare；1564～1616）英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。Life（生平）•ShakespearewasborninBritaininApril23,1564centralWarwickCountyalongtheEvanRiverinStratford,awealthyfamilies.•莎士比亚于1564年4月23日生于英国中部瓦维克郡埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一位富裕的市民家庭。莎士比亚故居YouthinalocalTeachingLatinliteraryschoolstudy,masterthewritingskillsandrichknowledge,butbecausehisfatherwentbankrupt,failingtograduategoaloneontheroadtoearnaliving.Heworkedasabutcher'sapprentice,hastaughtinruralschools,alsoworkedinvariousotheroccupation,whichmakeshimgrowalotofsocialexperience.少年时代曾在当地的一所主要教授拉丁文的“文学学校”学习，掌握了写作的基本技巧与较丰富的知识，但因他的父亲破产，未能毕业就走上独自谋生之路。他当过肉店学徒，也曾在乡村学校教过书，还干过其他各种职业，这使他增长了许多社会阅历。•After20yearsofagetoLondon,firstinthetheaterwhenthegroom.Ahandyman,afterenteringthetheatreasanactor,directorandscreenwriter..,becomethetheatrebeganaround1588shareholders;writing,firstisadaptedforthepreviousscript,soonbegantoindependentcreation.•20岁后到伦敦，先在剧院当马夫．杂役，后入剧团，做过演员．导演．编剧，并成为剧院股东；1588年前后开始写作，先是改编前人的剧本，不久即开始独立创作。AtthetimeoftheoperaOxford,Cambridgebackground,theUniversitywitswhocontrol,afamousdramatisteverwithcontemptuoustonetowritearticlesmockingShakespearesuchavulgar,civilianupstartcrowtothenoblegeniuscontest!ButShakespearelaterwonthecollegestudentgroups,includingthemajorityoftheaudiencesupportandloveandesteem,studentsinschoolamateurperformancesofsomeofShakespeare'splays,suchasHamlet,thecomedyoferrors..当时的剧坛为牛津、剑桥背景的“大学才子”们所把持，一个成名的剧作家曾以轻蔑的语气写文章嘲笑莎士比亚这样一个“粗俗的平民”、“暴发户式的乌鸦”竟敢同“高尚的天才”一比高低！但莎士比亚后来却赢得了包括大学生团体在内的广大观众的拥护和爱戴，学生们曾在学校业余演出过莎士比亚的一些剧本，如《哈姆雷特》、《错误的喜剧》。•Thesuccessofwriting,sothatShakespearewontheshowmulberrymanagementforLord,Lordbecamehisprotector.Shakespeareintheearly90'shadhistwopoemVenusandAdonis,therapeofLucrecededicatedtotheLord,whoalsowrotethesonnetlord.•写作的成功，使莎士比亚赢得了骚桑普顿勋爵的眷顾，勋爵成了他的保护人。莎士比亚在90年代初曾把他写的两首长诗《维纳斯与阿都尼》、《鲁克丽丝受辱记》献给勋爵，也曾为勋爵写过一些十四行诗。WiththehelpofLord,Shakespeareintothearistocraticculturesalon,causinghimtosocietywithobservationandunderstanding,expandedhisvisionoflife,forhecreatedtoprovidearichsourceof.借助勋爵的关系，莎士比亚走进了贵族的文化沙龙，使他对上流社会有了观察和了解的机会，扩大了他的生活视野，为他日后的创作提供了丰富的源泉。From1594onwards,hebelongstothetheatrebythepalaceministerasylum,calledintheLordChamberlain'smen.从1594年起，他所属的剧团受王宫大臣的庇护，称为“宫内大臣剧团”。莎士比亚葬地In1603,theaccessionofJamesI,histroupecalledthekingofferedTheatre,heandthegroupofactorswasappointedRoyalretainers,thereforetheaterinadditiontoregulartouring,oftenduringperformances,Shakespearescreenplayandrenownedcommunity.InApril23,1616Shakespeareintheirfifty-twobirthdayanddiedinthreeonechurches,st..1603年，詹姆士一世继位，他的剧团改称“国王供奉剧团”，他和团中演员被任命为御前侍从，因此剧团除了经常的巡回演出外，也常常在宫廷中演出，莎士比亚创作的剧本进而蜚声社会各界。1616年4月23日莎士比亚在其五十二岁生日前后不幸去世，葬于圣三一教堂。Aliterarycreation（创作）•Shakespeareinabout1590~1612ofthetotal20yearswrotethirty-sevenplays(suchasplusandFletcherwrotetwoofyourkissisthethirty-eight),healsowrotetwolongpoemVenusandAdonis,therapeofLucreceandonehundredandfifty-foursonnets.•莎士比亚在约1590～1612的20余年内共写了三十七部戏剧（如加上与弗莱彻合写的《两位贵亲》则是三十八部），还写有二首长诗《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》、《鲁克丽丝受辱记》和一百五十四首十四行诗。Morethanhisplaysbasedonhistoricalrecords,novels,folkloreandtheoldoperaandotherexistingmaterials,areflectionofthefeudalsocietytocapitalistsociety,thehistoricalrealityofthetransition,topromotetheemergingbourgeoisiehumanitarianismthoughtandpointofviewofhumannature.•他的戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传说和老戏等已有的材料，反映了封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的历史现实，宣扬了新兴资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点。•Duetoawiderangeofexperiencesofancientdrama,EnglishmedievaldramaandtheemergingEuropeancultureandart,aprofoundobservationsoflife,socialunderstanding,graspthepulseofthetimes,sothatShakespearewasabletocreatealargenumberoftruetolifelikenesscharacters,depictingbroad,resplendentwithvariegatedcolorationintheviewofsociallife,andmakeatragicomedy,fullofpoeticandimagine,combiningunifiedcontradictioninchangeandrichlifephilosophyandcriticalspiritcharacteristicsknown.Generallydividedintothreeperiods.•由于一方面广泛借鉴古代戏剧、英国中世纪戏剧以及欧洲新兴的文化艺术，一方面深刻观察人生，了解社会，掌握时代的脉搏，故使莎士比亚得以塑造出众多栩栩如生的人物形象，描绘广阔的、五光十色的社会生活图景，并使之以悲喜交融、富于诗意和想象、寓统一于矛盾变化之中以及富有人生哲理和批判精神等特点著称。一般划分为三个时期。Thefirstperiod(1590~1600)第一时期•Inordertowritinghistoricaldrama,comedy,a9historicaldrama,10comediesand2tragedies.•以写作历史剧、喜剧为主，有9部历史剧、10部喜剧和2部悲剧。•9historicaldramaJohnkingwaswritteninearlythirteenthCenturyBritishhistory,theother8isthecontentoftheinterfaceofthetwoEpisode4:HenryVI,theCharlieIII,and;RichardII,HenryIV(referredtoasthemostsuccessfulhistoricaldrama)ontheV,withHenry.ThesehistoricaldramasummaryofBritishhistorymorethan100yearsofunrest,createdaseriesofpositive,negativeimageofmonarchy,reflectingShakespeareagainstthefeudalrule,supportthecentralizationofpower,condemnedthetyrantandtyranny,enlightenedmonarchsweretop-downreformrequirements,theestablishmentofaharmonioussocietybetweenhumanisticpoliticalandmoralideal.•9部历史剧中除《