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Mossesfromanoldmanse冯洋Background•Acollectionofseveralpreviously-publishedshortstories（早期短篇小说集）•NamedinhonorofTheOldManse•Publishedin1846.Contents•YoungGoodmanBrown(1835)《小伙子古德曼·布朗》•TheBirth-Mark(1843)《胎记》•Rappaccini'sDaughter(1844)《拉帕西尼医生之女》•RogerMalvin’sBurial（1832）《罗杰·马尔文的葬礼》•Mrs.Bullfrog(1837)•Fire-Worship(1843)•TheNewAdamandEve(1843)•Drowne’sWoodenImage(1844)《卓恩的木像》Analysis•ManyofthetalescollectedinMossesfromanOldManseareallegories（寓言）andfocusonthenegativesideofhumannature.•themaintheme：sinandinnocenceYoungGoodmanBrown•HermanMelvillesaidYoungGoodmanBrownwasasdeepasDante•HenryJamescalleditamagnificentlittleromancesummary•Setting：thelate17thcenturySalem,Massachusetts•17世纪新英格兰清教统计下的马萨诸塞州journeyhomeforestceremonyending•TheyoungGoodmanBrownlefthishomeandhiswifeFaithtoanticipateaceremony.Hemetamysteriousmandeepintheforest.Asheandthemanmeetandproceedfurtherintothedarkforest,itisbroadlyhintedthatGoodmanBrown’stravelingcompanionistheDevil,andthatthepurposeoftheirjourneyistojoininanunspecifiedbutobviouslyunholyritual.•古德曼布朗是一个单纯（young）善良真正（good）的少年他追求道德信仰天国，对上帝无比虔诚。在黄昏时分他作别新婚的妻子费丝，离开他的村庄。沿途之上，他在一位神秘老人的引诱之下，步入了他本不该进入的象征着邪恶的森林。•AstheirjourneycontinuesBrowndiscoversothersalsoproceedingtothemeeting,manyofthemhistownsfolkwhomhehadconsideredexemplaryChristians.Heisastonishedanddisheartenedanddetermines,onceagain,toturnback.Butthenhehearshiswife'svoiceandrealizesthatsheisoneoftheoneswhoistobeinitiatedatthemeeting.•在森深深处，他看的了镇上和教堂里许多有名望的人物，如威严的总督德﹑高望重的教长﹑童年时的教义老师的等，都在秘密地与魔鬼践约，可是她又听见了费丝的声音•Attheceremony,heandFaithapproachthealtarand,astheyareabouttobeanointedinbloodtosealtheiralliancewithwickedness,hecriesouttoFaithtolooktoheavenandresist.Inthenextinstanthefindshimselfstandingaloneintheforest,nexttothecold,wetrock.•在盛会中，布朗看见了费丝，并对她叫道：仰望天堂，抵挡邪恶！”话刚出口，就发现自己孤单单身处宁静的夜，正侧耳倾听风声沉甸甸地穿过森林，消失无声。ArrivingbackinSalemthenextmorning,GoodmanBrownisuncertainwhetherhisexperiencewasrealoronlyadream,butheisneverthelessdeeplyshaken.Hisviewofhisneighborsisdistortedbyhismemoriesofthatnight.Helivesouthisdaysanembitteredandsuspiciouscynicalman,waryofeveryonearoundhim,includinghiswifeFaith.第二天回到家，她已经不确定昨晚所见的是一场噩梦还是事实了，他也不知道，但是这场深林之旅彻底颠覆了他的信仰和世界，使他对什么都失去了信任，变得严厉，忧伤，苦思冥想，疑神疑鬼，在怀疑，绝望，孤独中度过了一生。symbolism•Characters：GoodmanBrown＆Faith•Scenesetting:Theplace,thetime&environmentalfactors•Mainthing：PinkRibbon粉红色绸带•Goodman：thenatureofhim:uprightness（正直）.•Brown：①amixturecolorofwhiteandblackwhichrepresent“pure”and“evil”respectively.②acommonnamethatrepresentseverycommonperson.WhatBrownhadexperiencedisjustwhateveryonewillexperienceinhis/herlife.•Faith：①thenatureofher：pureandgivingsbconfidence②hisreligiousbeliefintheGodandspiritualbelief•Brownbelievedthatthepeople’snatureisgood.ButwhenhesawFaithandothernoblemenintheforestparty,helostbothhiswifeFaithandhisfaithinGod.Frombeginningtotheend,hewasstrugglinginhisinnerheart.Hismentalworldfinallycollapsed（崩溃）.•Time：sunset（美好事物的终结）&night（罪恶、堕落)Brownlefthiswifeandhisfaith;Thestorynightforcedhimtogotoevil.•Place:thedarkforest(罪恶)Brown一步步走进黑暗的密林深处象征着他的纯真一步步受到罪恶的侵蚀•Faiths’pinkribbonisusedthroughoutthestoryasasymbolofinnocenceandpurity.PinkribbonFirsttimeBefulloftrusttoGodandhumanSecondtimeFaithbecamedimandfrailLasttimeLosefaithcompletelyTheme•森林之旅可被理解为在清教主义环境中长大，但尚未皈依的信徒的皈依经历而魔鬼盛会则是为皈依者举行的圣餐仪式。在这次旅行（即皈依）过程中，布朗认识到人性的堕落和罪恶，对此他感到恐惧。他也认识到人无法自救，由此而感到了绝望。布朗以清教教义所主张的怀疑态度对待自己身边的一切。•布朗的悲惨命运折射出僵化的清教教规及偏执的清教意识摧残人性、表里不一的本质。conclusion•“人性之恶”与人之孤独是Mossesfromanoldmanse的最基本主题。•罪恶是每个人都无法逃避和掩饰的，要想除去身上的原罪，只能以死亡为代价