霍桑PPT---红字,好小伙子布朗

NathanielHawthorne(霍桑)(1804—1864)NathanielHawthorneI.IntroductionofNathanielHawthorneII.IntroductionofTheScarletLetterIII.CommentonYoungGoodmanBrown1.1LifeExperienceBorntoafamilywithalongPuritantraditioninSalem,MassachusettsonJuly4,1804.Hisgreat-grandfather,oneofthejudgesattheSalemwitchcrafttrials.Hisfatherwasaship’scaptain,whodiedofyellowfeveronavoyagewhenHawthornewasfour.Hewasbroughtupbyhisuncles.HisancestorswerenotoriousforthepersecutionoftheQuakersandfortheSalemWitchcraftTrialin1692.HegraduatedformBowdoinCollegein1842inthesameclasswithLongfellowandFranklinPierce(the14thU.SPresident).Aftergraduation,hereturnedtoSalemtoliveinhismother’shouseandtopursuehisliterarycareer.Hislifeexperiencehadgreatinfluenceonhischaracter,aswellasonhiswritingcareer.1.1LifeExperience1.2MajorworkslTwice-ToldTales(Whichincludes“TheMinister’sBlackVeil”)《故事重述》lMossesfromanOldManse(Whichincluded“YoungGoodmanBrown”)《古宅青苔》lTheScarletLetter《红字》1850lTheHousesoftheSevenGables《带有七个尖角阁的房子》1851lBlithedaleRomance《福谷传奇》1852lTheMarbleFaun《玉石雕像》1860•AccordingtoHawthorne,“thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife;butcircumstancesmayrouseittoactivity.”•Apieceofliteraryworkshould“showhowweareallwrongedandwrongers,andavengeoneanother.”Soinalmosteverybookhewrote,Hawthornediscussessinandevil.1.3Literarystyle•Hisstylewassoft,flowingandalmostfeminine.•Language:smooth,clear,beautifulinsoundandmeaning•Healsofrequentlyusessymbolsandsettingstorevealthepsychologyofthecharacters.1.3Literarystyle•Hawthorne'sworkbelongstoRomanticism,anartisticandintellectualmovementcharacterizedbyanemphasisonindividualfreedomfromsocialconventionsorpoliticalrestraints,onhumanimagination,andonnatureinatypicallyidealizedform.•Someclassifyhimasagloomy“guilt-riddenmoralist.”Hawthorne’swritingstylewasbasedonhisbeliefs-----hiscentralthemesfocusedalongthelinesofreality-----andhavingthereadersquestionwhatwasgivenasfact,justashedid.Hiswritingstylesoundedarchaicandwasdifficulttounderstand.Thedialogueswerenotlikenaturalspeechandveryunlikethenormalwaypeoplespeak.(ItwasnormalforpeopletospeaklikethisbackinPuritantimes)Hawthorneconveyedmodernthemesofpsychologyandhumannaturethroughhiscraftyuseofallegoryandsymbolism.Theimportanceofhiswritingstyleistoputemphasisonthetimeperiodandalsowhentheeventstookplace.ThiscontributestotheworkasawholebecausehiswritingstylemimicsthelifestyleofPuritansbecausehefeelsthatheneedstokeepitconformedtothattimeperiodinthepasttomakeitbelievable.III.CommentonYoungGoodmanBrownYoungGoodmanBrown(1835)takesplaceinPuritanNewEngland,acommonsettingforHawthorne'sworks,andaddressesoneofhiscommonthemes:theconflictbetweengoodandevilinhumannatureand,inparticular,theproblemofpublicgoodnessandprivatewickedness.AnalysisofthewritingstyleAmbiguity:WhethertheeventsofthenightareactualordreamlikeWhetherBrownislosttothedevilorsavedbyFaithContrastinthearticleDayandnightGoodandEvilTheredoffireandbloodandtheblackofnightandforestSymbolismdayandthetown:humanconventionandsocietynightandforest:symbolsofdoubtandwanderingred:SinorEvilblack:doubtoftherealityofeitherEvilorGoodthattorturesBrownTheme：Everyonepossessessomeevilsecret.AllegoryThestoryisoftenreadasaconventionalallegoryinthesensethatYoungGoodmaniseveryman,andhisjourneytothedarkforestandhisencounterwiththedevilaresymbolicofman’slifejourneyfrominnocencetoknowledge,fromgoodtoevil.Faith,iftakenasanallegoricalfigure,istheincarnationofChristianbelief.Inordertobestconveythesettinginhiswork,hewouldoftenusevariousliterarytechniques.Forexample,NathanielHawthorneusesspecificdiction,orcolloquialexpressions,toenhancethesettinginhisshortstory,YoungGoodmanBrown.NathanielHawthorneisknowninhiswritingsforhiscriticismoftheteachingsofthePuritans.YoungGoodmanBrownisnodifferentasitseekstoexposehisperceivedhypocrisyinPuritandoctrine.TheplotandtextualreferencesinYoungGoodmanBrownrevealthePuritansasbeinglikeacityuponahillasJohnWinthropsaid,afounderofPuritanism,andwantingtobeseenthatwayasgood,holymen.However,theirdoctrineteachesthatallmenareinherentlyevilandtheystrivetocauseeachpersontocometotermswiththisandrealizetheirsinfulnature.ThishypocrisythatHawthornepresentsinhisstoryishowhereflectsonthehypocriticalteachingsofthePuritans.TheytaughtthatmanwasinherentlyevilinnaturemuchinaccordancetoEnlightenmentphilosopherThomasHobbes.•HistoricizingisanimportanttechniquethatHawthornelikestoemploy.Yetagain,thedialectinwhichHawthorneusesiscriticaltothistechnique.•WithoutthePuritandialect,YoungGoodmanBrownlosesmuchofthehistoricalsignificancethatHawthorneistryingtogetacross.AlthoughitisexplicitlystatedtheshortstorytakesplaceinSalem,Massachusetts,thetimeinwhichittakesplaceisnotstated.However,byusingsuchPuritanicaldialectthroughoutthepiece,thereadercandeducethatthesettingwassometimeduringthe17thor18thcentury.•Furthermore,Hawthorne’suseofdialecttrulypropelsthereaderintotheworldofGoodmanBrownandhelpsthemtogainabetterinsightintothesetting.