中国女科技人员发展现状及相关建议

TheStatusandAnalysisofChineseWomenEngineersTianshuBiNorthChinaElectricPowerUniversityOutlineSignificanceofWomenProfessionalsinScienceandTechnologyTheStatusandAnalysisofChineseWomenEngineersMeasuresandSuggestionsforencouragingChineseWomenEngineersTheWorldNeedsScience,ScienceNeedsWomenMarieSklodowska-Curie(1867-1934),thePolishscientist,hasbeenhonoredtwicewiththeNobelPrizeinPhysicsandinChemistryWangZhenyi(1768-1797)，Chineseastronomer，physicianandmathematician，presentedthetheoryofsolarandlunareclipsesWuChien-Shiung(1912-1997),theChineseMadameCurie,theleadingandoutstandingexperimentalphysicistWomenaresmartandresilientenoughtobecomescientistsandengineers.Theyhavemadesignificantcontributionstosciencefromtheearliesttimes.It'simportantandnecessarytogetmorewomeninvolvedinscienceandtechnology.TheWorldNeedsScience,ScienceNeedsWomenFullyexertingthefunctionofpresenttalentsandexploringnewscientifictalentresources（1）InChina,ittakesabout200thousandyuantocultivateanunder-graduateandthecultivationcostofamasterordoctoralstudentishigher.Morethanonethirdofthescientificandtechnicalstaffsarewomenand67%ofthemhaveatleastundergraduatedegreesand6%havemasterdegrees.Fullyexertingthefunctionofpresenttalentsandexploringnewscientifictalentresources（2）Thesevereinternationalcompetitionrequirestocontinuouslyexcavatethetalentresourcessoastoprovidethereserveforceforscientificandtechnologicalinnovationanddevelopment.Theattractivenessofscientificresearchforwomenshouldbeenhancedbyimprovingthestatusofwomeninthefieldofscientificresearchinordertoexpandthescientifictalentteam.Takingthefulladvantageofwomen'scharacteristicandpromotingscientificandtechnologicalprogress（1）Thethinkingmodebetweenmenandwomenisdifferentalthoughthereisnodifferenceinintelligence.Accordingtotheresearchofpsychology,menarebetteratlogicalthinkingandwomenmoreadeptatimagethinking.Usingthedifferentthinkingandresearchmethodsfrommen,womenmakesignificantcontributionsforscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.It'sbelievedthattheimportantreasonforhersuccessistheresearchmethodsheuseddifferentfromthetraditionalmethodbasedonmaleperspective.Itreflectsthefemininethoughttendencyandadvantagesemphasizingontheintuitionofstudy.BarbaraMcClintocktheAmericanscientistandcytogeneticistwiththeNobelPrizeTakingthefulladvantageofwomen'scharacteristicandpromotingscientificandtechnologicalprogress（2）Thereisagreatdifferenceinthelifeexperiencesandpersonalitytraitsbetweenmenandwomen.It'sshownthattheinnovationhavebenefitedfromresearchers'diversityincludingthegenderbalance.Thereisadifferenceintheresearchinterestsbetweenmenandwomen.Forinstance,womenaremoreinterestedinenvironmentalprotection,medicaltreatment,obstetricsandimmunology.Improvingwomen'sstatusanddrivingsocialdevelopmentTheBeijingDeclarationwaspassedintheUN4thWorldConferenceonWomenin1995andcommittedtoempowerwomen,developwomen'sabilitiesandpromotewomen'sstatusasfaraspossible.TheeightUN'sMilleniumDevelopmentGoalswaspassedbyallmembersintheUnitedNationsMillenniumSummitin2000andoneofthemostimportantcontentsispromotinggenderequalityandgivingwomenmoreempowerment.OutlineSignificanceofWomenProfessionalsinScienceandTechnologyTheStatusandAnalysisofChineseWomenEngineersMeasuresandSuggestionsforencouragingChineseWomenEngineersTheStatusofWomenEngineersintheWorldAlthoughwomenhavemadegreatcontributionsinthedevelopment,scienceisalwaysregardedasaman'sfield,especiallyinAsia-Pacific.NationTheProportionofFemale（%）Argentina52.7Romania46.1Spain38.4England38.3China25.0Japan14.0SexRatioofResearchersinDifferentCountriesComparedwiththemajorcountriesintheworld，thereislessnumberofwomenengineersinAsiancountries.InChina,womenaccountedforaquarterinthescientificandtechnicalpersonnel.TheStatusofChineseWomenEngineersWomenonlyaccountsfor16%ofthewinnersinNationalNaturalScienceAward,NationalInventionAwardsandNationalProgressAwardsduring1997-2001.Womenonlyaccountsfor5%oftheacademiciansinChineseAcademyofSciencesandChineseAcademyofEngineeringasof2009.ThestructureofChinesewomenengineerstendstobeofpyramid.Theoccupationalstatusandachievementishigher,theproportionofwomenislowerinthefieldofscientificresearch.AccordingtothesurveyofChinaScientificInstitution,thereare14.67millionwomenprofessionalsinscienceandtechnology,accountingfor33%ofsci-techhumanresourceinChina.TheStatusofChineseWomenEngineers——PostgraduateEducation0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%201320142015MasterDocterTheProportionofFemalePostgraduatesinNorthChinaElectricPowerniversityThereare168doctoralstudentsand1738mastersatschool,respectivelyaccountingfor26.88%and41.63%ofthetotalnumber.Thenumberoffemalepostgraduatesisobviouslylessthanmale.Inparticular,theproportionofwomendropsgreatlyastheeducationalbackgroundincreases.Theproportionoffemalepostgraduatesisincreasingslowlywiththetimepassing.TheStatusofChineseWomenEngineers——Full-timeTeachersandResearchersTheProportionofFemaleFull-timeTeachersandResearchersinNorthChinaElectricPowerUniversityThereare391femalefull-timeteachersandresearchersatschool,accountingfor39.94%oft