跨文化交际Hall’s Culture Context Model

Hall’sCultureContextModelHigh-contextLow-contextEdwardHall——thefatherofinterculturalcommunicationoriginatedtheconceptsHigh-contextandlow-contextcommunicationreferstohowmuchspeakersrelyonthingsotherthanwordstoconveymeaning.High-contextmuchinformationisimliedincluesthesituationorsurroundingcircumstances,relationshipsofthecommunicators,theirfamilybackground,title,age,sex,education,status,socialnetworkslittleprovidedintheverbalmessageitselfLow-contextthemajorityoftheinformationiscontainedintheverbalcodethemessageisstatedclearlyandexplicitlywithoutdependingonthecontextofthecommunicationCommunicationStylesBackgroundinformationFaceConcernsNonverbalcodes（不用语言的）Mostoftheinformationiseitherinthephysicalcontextorinitializedintheperson.Themassofinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode.Dense,intersectingnetworks,long-termrelationships,strongboundaries,relationshipmoreimportantthantask.Loose,widenetworks,shorterterm,compartmentalizedrelationships,taskmoreimportantthanrelationship.High-contextcultureLow-contextcultureTheStructureofRelationshipsImplicit,complicatedpatterns,hardtoexplainExplicit,consciouslyorganizedMainTypeofCulturalKnowledgeRelationshipsdependontrust,buildupslowly,andarestable.Relationshipsbeginandendquickly.Manypeoplecanbeinsideone'scircle;circle'sboundaryisnotclear.Thingsgetdonebyrelationshipswithpeopleandattentiontogroupprocess.Thingsgetdonebyfollowingproceduresandpayingattentiontothegoal.One'sidentityisrootedingroups(family,culture,work).One'sidentityisrootedinoneselfandone'saccomplishments.Socialstructureisdecentralized（分散）ownHighuseofnonverbalelements;voicetone,facialexpression,gestures,andeyemovementcarrysignificantpartsofconversation.Messageiscarriedmorebywordsthanbynonverbalmeans.Verbalmessageisindirect;onetalksaroundthepoint.Verbalmessageisdirect;onespellsthingsoutexactly.Communicationisseenasawayofexchanginginformation,ideas,andopinions.Communicationisseenasanartform-awayofengagingsomeone.Disagreementispersonalized（个人化）.(Oneissensitivetoconflictwithanother.Conflictmustbesolvedoravoidedbeforework.)Disagreementisdepersonalized.(Onewithdrawsfromconflictwithanotherandgetsonwiththetask.Focusisonrationalsolutions,notpersonalones.)In-groupsandOut-groupsInhigh-contextcultureOut-groupsIn-groupsCleardistinctionIntimatefriendsgenerallyCasualacquaintancesgenerallyInlow-contextculturesIn-groupsOut-groupsnotclear-cutChangesrapidlyThecommitmentisstronganddeepLoyaltytofamiliesandfriendsSharealotofunspokenrulesincommunicationTheextentofinvolvementandcommitmentislowThebondsbetweenpeoplearequitefragileTobeexplicitandarticulateisemphasizedincommunicationInhigh-contextculturesInlow-contextculturesOrientationtoTimeInhigh-contextculturesTimeisviewedasmoreopenandlessstructured.Immediateneeds〉TimeconstraintsItisokaytolatefor5to10minutesInlow-contextculturesTimeishighlyorganizedandcarefullyscheduled.ImmediateneedsTimeconstraints〈I’msorryI’mlate……Thankyou！