跨文化交际案例--集体主义文化和个人主义文化

Cross-culturalCommunicationChapter12TakingCulturalValuestoWorkLargeandsmallPowerDistanceIndividualismVSCollectivismMasculinityVSFemininityStrongandweakUncertaintyAvoidanceKeyWordsStudycollectivisticculture集体主义文化individualisticculture个人主义文化relation关系independence独立equality平等personalinterest个人利益IndividualistCulturePKCollectivistCulturePK1IndividualistCulture(liberalism):individualstendtodefinethemselvesbytheextenttowhichtheyaredifferentfrom,ratherthansimilartoother.Peopleareencouragedtodisplayself-confidenceandAssertiveness(自信),disclosure（披露）ofpersonalthoughtsandfeelings.Collectivistculture(Confucianism):placeslittlevalueonindividualidentityandgreatvalueongroupidentity.Goingone'sownwayisnotvalued;uniformityandconformityarestressed.PK2IndividualismCollectivismIcultureWEcultureopendiscussionofdisagreementarevaluedformsoftalkopenlyspeakingone’smindappearsdistastefulseekthenoticeofothers;affirmtheiruniquenessopenexpressionrisksfaceguardingprivacy;valuingfreedomtodoandthinkwhatevertheychoosetherighttoprivacyinthesenseoffreedomisnotrecognizedlivelifeguidedonlybyprinciplessuchasequalityandnoninterferenceone’sbusinessisalsothebusinessofthegroup;friendsshouldbeconcernedwitheachother’spersonalmattersFiveBasicThemesinIndividualistCulture1.Thereisatendencyforforeignerstotreatstrangersasequals,seeninthepolitenesswithwhichforeignerstreatout-groupmembersandtheirwillingnesstofollowpublicrulesandlawsthatguaranteetherightsofall.2.Thereisadesireforindependenceandseparateness,foundinforeigners'needsfortheirownprivacyandautonomyandinthefreedomtheygivetochildren.3.Thereisalackofinhibition(压抑)onthepartofforeignersintermsofexpressivebehaviors,seenintheirlackofconcernaboutdrawingattentiontothemselvesandtheirwillingnesstodisclosefeelingsandemotions.4.Thereisalackofunderstandingifthereciprocalbondsanddutiesthatregulatein-groupmembers,foundinforeigners'casualattitudestowardshospitality.5.Thereisalackofconcernatpublicdisplaysofphysicalorsexualintimacy.PK3RelativeCaseWangLinworeanewlyboughtcoattowork.Ontheway,shemetwithaformercustomerfromtheU.K,LindonJackson.Lindoncomplimentedherforherbeautifulclothes:Lindon:Oh,youlooksgorgeousonthiscoat,Wang!CaseWang:Notsobeautiful.Itcostsonly100Yuan.(Infact,itwasworth250Yuan)Lindon:Oh,really.Wheredidyougetit.Iwanttobuyoneformywife.Wang:uh.WhatledWangLinintosuchadilemma?CaseCaseAnalysis(案例分析)CaseAnalysisThisisatypicalcross-culturalcasebasedonverbalcommunication.WangLincomesfromacollectivisticculturewhichstressesself-denigration（诋毁）.LindonJacksoncomesfromanindividualisticculturewhichfeaturesassertiveness.CaseAnalysisWangLin,whoworeanewlyboughtcoat,metLindonJacksononherwaytowork.WhenLindonJacksoncomplimentedWangLinonhercoat,WangLinreactedbysayingthathercoatwasnotsobeautifulsinceshe,asacollectivist,isaccustomedtobelittle（轻视）everythingrelatedtoher.CaseAnalysisHerresponsestowardscomplimentsareunquestionablyappropriatedbetweencollectivists.UnlikeWangLin,LindonJacksonplacesgreatvalueonassertivenessandisencouragedtoexpresspersonalthoughtsandfeelingsfreely.CaseAnalysisHe,therefore,wouldinquiryaboutwheretobuythecoatandfinallyledWangLinintothedilemma.Suggestion/Solution(解决方案)Suggestion&SolutionToavoidmiscommunication,WangLinandLindonJacksonshouldlearnmoreabouteachother’scultureandadjusttheirbehaviorsaccordingly.LindonJacksoncouldrepeathiscomplimentbysaying“itreallylooksmarvelous”andthenturntoanothertopic.Heshouldalsounderstandthatself-denigrationisoneofthekeyvaluesincollectivism.Thankyou!&Loveyouall!