人体肠道正常菌群的研究进展

20100307(1966),,,,Emai:[e-mail];,:1005376X(2010)08076003王春敏,李丽秋(佳木斯大学基础医学院微生物教研室,黑龙江佳木斯154007);;R378A,,,,(Normalbacteriaflora),,,;,,,11000g,30400~500,1014,10,99%,90%,,,,,,,,,[1~3]22.1生物拮抗作用,,[4]FERNANDEZ[5]CaCo2,L.gasseri,;;,,,,()(potentiallypathogenicmicroorganisms,PPMOs),()pH,,,,,[6,7]2.2营养作用,,(),,,(B,K)()[8,9],,[8,10]2.3免疫作用,,;,sIgA,;HUGHES[11],,,sIgA,,,TB,,[12],,[13,14],NKB,,IL1IL6TFNIFN,[15]2.4抗衰老作用!∀,,,pH,(Clostridumwelchii),,,,;,,,,[16]760ChineseJournalofMicroecology,Aug2010,Vol22No8,,,(SOD)(GSHPx)(LPO),,LPOKULLISAAR[17],SOD,(MDA)AKYOL[18],,SOD,MDA[19]SOD,MDA,Klotho,,3,,,,60,30%,50%,80%[16][20];,,,:Lbplantarum100%,Lbcase100%,Lbfermentum43%,Lbacidophilus27%,Lbsalivarius22%Lbbrevis12%[21];,,[16];,,,,,,44.1传统检测方法,90%~99%,,,,[22]4.2分子生物学技术的检测方法rRNA/DNA(RAPD)(TGGE)(PCRDGGE)DGGEFISHER[23]DNA,MUYZER[24],DNA,16SrRNA,DNA,,PCR,,,DNA,PCR,,,DGGE,,55.1根据肠道正常菌群的生理作用,开发多种微生态制剂,,,(Probiotics),(Prebiotics),(Synbiotics),,,,,[25,26],,,[27],,5.2在各种感染性疾病防治中联合应用益生菌,以减少抗生素应用产生的副作用和耐药性,,,;,,[1]HOOPERLV,GORDENJI.Commensalhostbacteriarelationshipsinthegut[J].Science,2001,292(4):11151118.[2],.[J].,2005,32(3):181183.[3]SUSKOVIEJ,SANEOTME.lacticalbacteriaandbifidobacteriainsynbioticeffect[J].FoodTechnolBiotechno,l2001,39(3):227235.[4],.[J].,2007,28(8):537542.76120108228[5]FERNANDEZMF,BORISS,BARBESC.Probioticpropertiesofhumanlactobacillistrainstobeusedinthegastrointestinaltract[J].JApplMicrobio,l2003,94(3):449455.[6]ANNUKH,SHCHEPETOVAJ,KULLISAARE,eta.lCharacterizationofintestinallactobacilliasputativeprobioticcandidates[J].JApplMicrobio,l2003,94(3):403412.[7]ALAKOMIHL,SKYTTAE,SAARELAM,eta.lLacticacidpermeabilizesgramnegativebacteriabydisruptingtheoutermembrane[J].ApplEnvironMicrobio,l2000,66(5):20012005.[8],,.[J].,2000,12(1):5355.[9]KAMAOM,TSUGAWAN,NAKAGAWAK.Absorptionofcalcium,magnesium,phosphorus,ironandzincingrowingmaleratsfeddietscontainingeitherphytatefreesoybeanproteinorsoybeanproteinisolateorcasein[J].JNutrSciVitamino,l2000,46(1):3441.[10].[J].,2003,15(4):189193.[11]HUGHESA,ROCHATF,SERRANTP.Modulationofnonspecificmechanismsofdefensebylacticacidbacteriaeffectivedose[J].JDairySc,i1999,82(5):863869.[12],.[J].,2007,3:3537.[13],,,.WPGS180[J].,2001,13(1):810.[14],,,.LPS[J].,2000,20(1):46.[15],.[J].,2001,21(2):186190.[16].[J].2005,35(2):250260.[17]KULLISAART,ZILMERM,MIKELSAARM,eta.lTwoantioxidativelactobacillistrainsaspromisingprobiotics[J].IntJFoodMicrobio,l2002,72(3):215224.[18]AKYOLS,MASMR,COMERTB,eta.lTheeffectofantibioticandprobioticcombinationtherapyonsecondarypancreaticinfectionsandoxidativestressparametersinexperimentalacutenecrotizingpancreatitis[J].Pancreas,2003,26(4):363367.[19],,,.[J].,2007,7(27):12541257.[20]KNIGHTDJW,ADEEND,BENGMARKS,eta.lTheeffectofsynbioticsongastrointestinalflorainthecriticallyill[J].BrJAnaesth,2004,92(3):307308.[21]LENCNERAA,LENCNERCP,MIKELSAARME,eta.lDiequantitativeZusammensetzungderLactofloradesVerdauungstraktsvorandnachkosmischenFlgenunterschiedlicherDauer[J].DieNahrung,1984,28(67):607613.[22]DUNBARJ,WHITES,FORNEYL.Geneticdiversitythroughthelookingglass:effectofenrichmentbias[J].ApplEnvironMicrobio,l1997(63):13261330.[23]FISHERSG,LERMANLS.DNAfragmentsdiferingbysinglebasepairsubstitutionsareseparatedindenaturinggradientgels:correspondencewithmeltingtheory[J].PNASUSA,1983,80(6):15791583.[24]MUYZERG,deWAALEC,UITTERLINDENAG.Profilingofcomplexmicrobialpopulationsbydenaturinggradientgelelectrophoresisanalysisofpolymerasechainreactionamplifiedgenescodingfor16SRrna[J].ApplEnvironMicrobio1,1993,59(6):695700.[25]LEYRE,TURNBAUGHPJ,KLEINS,eta.lMicrobialecology:humangutmicrobesassociatedwithobesity[J].Nature,2006,444(7122):10091010.[26]TURNBAUGHPJ,LEYRE,MAHOWALDMA,eta.lAnobesityassociatedgutmicrobiomewithincreasedcapacityforenergyharvest[J].Nature,2006;444(7122):10271031.[27],,,.[J].,2009,19(14):27372740.(759)EffectoffarnesolonStaphylococcusaureusbiofilmformationandantimicrobialsusceptibility[J].AntimicrobAgentsChemother,2006,50(4):14631469.[17]GOMESFI,TEIXEIRAP,AZEREDOJ,eta.lEffectoffarnesolonplanktonicandbiofilmcellsofStaphylococcusepidermidis[J].CurrMicrobio,l2009,59(2):118122.[18]McALESTERG,O#GARAF,MORRISSEYJP,eta.lSignalmediatedinteractionsbetweenPseudomonasaeruginosaandCandidaalbicans[J].JMedMicrobio,l2008,57(5):563569.[19]SAIDIS,LUITAUDC,ROUABHIAM,eta.lInvitrosynergisticeffectoffarnesolandhumangingivalcellsagainstCandidaalbicans[J].Yeast,2006,23(9):673687.[20]CHAUDHARYSC,ALAMMS,SIDDIQUIMS,eta.lChemopreventiveeffectoffarnesolonDMBA/TPAinducedskintumorigenesis:involvementofinflammation,RasERKpathwayandapoptosis[J].LifeSc,i2009,85(56):196205.[21]SCHEPERMA,SHIRTLIFFME,MEILLERTF,eta.lFarneso,lafungalquorumsensingmoleculetriggersapoptosisinhumanoralsquamouscarcinomacells[J].Neoplasia,2008,10(9):954963.[22]JOOJH,LIAOG,COLLINSJB,eta.lFarnesolinducedapoptosisinhumanlungcarcinomacellsiscoupledtotheendoplasmicreticulumstressresponse[J].CancerRes,2007,67(16):79297936.[23]EPPLENR,ST?CKLEM,ENGELMANNU,eta.lDifferentialeffectsofibandronate,docetaxelandfarnesoltreatmentaloneandincombinationonthegrowth