公开课教学课件--虚拟语气

虚拟语气总复习TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气定义：在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望、怀疑、假设或推测的语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。本节课我们将复习if条件从句和wish后的宾语从句中表示现在、过去或将来情况的虚拟语气，以及虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用。一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中：(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.如果我是一个男孩，我就会去参军。IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.如果我有很多钱，我会周游世界。IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldgoshopping.如果我有很多钱，我会去购物(2).与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had＋过去分词,构成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad如果你昨天开车更细心一点的话,你就不会出车祸了.(3).与将来事实相反从句的谓语用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might＋动词原形。Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.如果你成功了（事实上失败了），一切就会变得很好.二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。IwishIwereabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。我想/希望我没吃那么多西瓜.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would＋动词原形”。注意:主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿。但愿你立刻来。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。e.g.我们建议Tom去休息一下。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.他坚决要求我到场。以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋v.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire他建议我到国外去。HesuggestedthatI(should)goabroad.HissuggestionwasthatI(should)goabroad.HemadeasuggestionthatI(should)goabroad1、insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法1）.Sheinsistedthatshewasright.她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）2）.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshouldnotstayinthehotel.他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。三：特殊句型：2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy.（他脸上的表情表明/暗示他不开心。）Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.（我建议老师的工资应该上涨。）3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+v.过去时你该走了→我们该去睡觉了→It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(should不可省略)4.asif/asthough由asif(asthough)或eventhough(eventhough)引导的状语从句表示方式或让步时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had＋过去分词”。他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Itissocloudy.ItlooksasifItisgoingtorain.阴天，似乎要下雨。5.wouldratherthat现在:过去:将来:Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时6.without和butfor构成虚拟。butfor要不是Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.（要是没有你的帮助，我将完不成这项任务。）Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.（没有你的帮助，我将无法成功。）7.Ifonly…要是就好了IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了！8.在主语、表语、同位语从句中，虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”或动词原形来表示。这样的句型有：Itisstrange/natural/important/nowonder/impossible/necessary/apity/...that...；Myadvice/suggestion/requirement/...isthat...等。9.某些简单句的固定句型:Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!10.need“不必做”和“本不该做”didn’tneedtodo表示:过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。needn’thavedone表示:过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn’tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。)JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn’thavewalkedbackhome.Therewasplentyoftime.She____.A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurried典型例题【高考链接】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.We_____John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.（江西2011）A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput2.MaybeifI_____science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.（北京2011）A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying3.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_____moreonitsculture.（江苏2010）A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused4.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit_____yesterday.（2006全国卷I）A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened5.—Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_____toMiamibuttoNewYork?—Iagree,buttheproblemis_____hehasrefusedto.（江苏2005）A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what•Homework:•《名师大课堂》练习•P8、P9、P24；•《英语周报》单元试题。王培生中学一级高中英语教师通讯地址：遵义市新蒲新区新舟镇新舟高级中学邮政编码：563127联系电话：[phone]