平面设计原则和理论在美学和功能装置渲染中的应用,促进环境的可持续发展(IJEM-V9-N1-3)

I.J.EngineeringandManufacturing,2019,1,21-37PublishedOnlineJanuary2019inMECS()DOI:10.5815/ijem.2019.01.03Availableonlineat:25July2018;Accepted:22October2018;Published:08January2019AbstractThebasicdifferencebetweenasustainableaestheticallypositiveurbanenvironmentandanaestheticallynegativeoneisinthewayitscomponentinstallationsarerendered.Theaestheticpositivity(AP)oraestheticnegativity(AN)ofthewholeisdependentontheaestheticsofthelittlepartsthatconstituteit.Althoughmaybefunctional,manyelectricalinstallationsinNigeriastilllackconsiderableaestheticsmostlyduetolackorlaxityintheknowledgeorpracticalapplicationofbasicdesigntheoriesandprinciples.Thisstudythereforeexaminedhowtheapplicationofdesignprinciplesandtheoriesusedingraphicdesigncanapplyinelectricalanddesigninstallationsasawayoffosteringamoreaesthetic,yetfunctionalandsustainableenvironmentsindevelopingWestAfricancountriesusingaestheticsasakeydriver.Adoptingadescriptiveapproachsupportedwithdirectobservation,withasamplesizeof320,respondentswerepurposivelysampledinselectedcitiesinNigeria.Thestudyshowedasignificantrelationshipbetweentheapplicationofgraphicdesigntheoriesandimprovedenvironmentalaestheticsthroughtherenderingofattractive-functionalelectrical/designinstallations.Italsorevealedthatimprovedaestheticsofelectrical/designinstallationslimitsnegativeinterferencewhichimprovessustainability/safetyinthebuiltenvironment,henceservingasanabatementtoolortechnologyforthealleviationofAN.Thisstudythereforeestablishedthesignificanceoftheapplicationofdesigntheoriesandprinciplesinachievingamoreaesthetic,functionalandsustainableenvironment,fromtheprofessionals’/practitioners’perspective.IndexTerms:ElectricalInstallations,GraphicDesignTheory,Environment,Sustainability,Aesthetics.©2019PublishedbyMECSPublisher.Selectionand/orpeerreviewunderresponsibilityoftheResearchAssociationofModernEducationandComputerScience.*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone]E-mailaddress:[e-mail]22GraphicDesignPrinciplesandTheoriesApplicationinRenderingAestheticandFunctionalInstallationsforImprovedEnvironmentalSustainabilityandDevelopment1.IntroductionThetermsustainabilityisoftenusedinterchangeablywiththeterm“sustainabledevelopment”[1].Sustainabledevelopmentisthedevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityofthefuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds[1].Therefore,buildingasustainableenvironmentinvolvessustainabledevelopmentsuchthatisfunctional,improvable,maintainableandaestheticallysensible.NomenclatureA.P.AestheticPositivityA.N.AestheticNegativityUnfortunately,achievingitinthird-worldcountrieslikeNigeriahasbeenchallenging.Besides,notmanywesternAfricanpractitioners/professionalscanconfidentlyboastaboutpossessingappropriatelevelofknowledgeandpracticeofachievingsustainabilityespeciallyinthebuiltenvironment.Evenwhenandiftheypossessknowledge,therearestilllaxitiesinactualpracticeorpracticalapplications.Thereforethisstudyseekstoalleviateapartoftheidentifiedchallengesbyestablishingthesignificanceofthepracticalapplicationofaestheticsinsustainability.Theremainingpartofthispaperisorganizedasfollow:Section2reviewsrelevantliteratureandotherrelatedstudiesuponwhichthisstudy’sproposedaesthetics,designandenvironmentalsustainabilitytheorieswerecentred.Section3representstheresearchquestions,studyhypotheses,methodofcollectionandanalysisofstudydata.Section4presentstheresultsofthestudyandtheirimplicationsforimprovedenvironmentalsustainabilityanddevelopmentaswellasthevalidationofproposedaestheticstheories.Section5presentsrecommendationsbasedstrictlyontheresultsofthestudy.Thelastsectionpresentstheconclusionacquiredfromthestudyoutcomeanditsimplicationforthedevelopmentandsustainabilityofthethirdworldbuiltenvironments.2.LiteratureReviewSustainabledevelopmentiscomplex,multidimensionalanddynamic[2].Therearefourmajordimensionsofsustainabilitynamelyenvironmental,economic,social,andculturalsustainability[1].Environmentalsustainabilityhasbeenoneofthemostwildlyexaminedaspectsbyscholarsespeciallyinthefieldofart,designandtechnology.However,environmentalsustainability,likemostotherpartsofsustainability,isnotnarrow.Itinvolvesvariousvitalfacetsandfieldsrangingfromthebuiltenvironmentsuchasarchitecture,buildingtechnology,landscaping,quantitysurvey,andengineeringtotheaestheticenvironmentsuchasartanddesign.Thereare,however,fieldslikeindustrialdesignthatcutin-betweenthetwobroadcategories-aperfectblendofbothartordesignandtechnology/engineering.Itiscommonlyacceptedthattherearesomesharedfeaturesindesign,sharedamongalldesignfields[3].Most,ifnotall,environmentalfieldsinvolvesomeformsofdesign.Therefore,designisakindofknowledgenecessaryinallprofessionalactivities[3]includingIndustrialDesignandelectricalpractices.OnemajoraspectofIndustrialDe