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WordsandexpressionsinUnit31.calculatevt.计算(tofindouthowmuchsth.willcost,howlongsth.willtakeetc,byusingnumbers)Eg:1).Thescientistcouldnotcalculatewhenthespaceshipwouldreachthemoon.2).HaveyoucalculatedwhataholidayinFrancewouldcost?归纳：becalculatedto（dosth）目的是，打算calculateon盼望，指望扩展:calculatorn计算器;calculationn计算2.universaladj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的(widerspread;concerningorsharedbyallmembersofagroup)Eg:Educationshouldbemadeuniversalandeducationalstandardsshouldberaised.扩展:universen.宇宙→universallyadv.普遍地归纳:universalissue/universalmachineItisuniversallyrecognizedthat…大家认为3.simplifyvt.简化(tomakelesscomplicated,clearer,oreasier)Eg:Trytosimplifyyourexplanationforthechildren.扩展:simpleadj.简单的→simplyadv.归纳:simplifydifficultsums4.sum[sʌm]n.总数；算术题；金额vi.概括vt.；合计Eg:(1)Hewasfinedthesumof￡200.他被处以200英镑罚金。(2)Thesumof2and3is5.2加3的和是5。归纳：insum简言之；总而言之sumsb./sth.up形成对某人(某事物)的看法小练：中译英(1)总之，计划告吹了。_________,theplanfailed(2)我认为他是一个很能干的经理。______________asacompetentmanager.InsumIsummedhisup5.operatorn.(机器、设备等的)操作员电话接线员Eg:Operator,Iwanttomakealongdistancecall.扩展:operatev运转;操作；手术operationn操作，运算，手术Eg:Sheisafraidofoperatingthemachine.归纳：operateon:对…动手术6.logical/’lɔdʒikəl/adj.逻辑的，附和常理的(seemnatural;reasonable)Eg:1).Itislogicalthatthebookisexpensive.2).You’dbetterorganizeyourworklogically.归纳:Itislogicalthat…很自然的事扩展:logicallyadv.•7.technology:n.科技(总称);工艺;应用科学;工业技术•scienceandtechnology科学和技术•agriculturaltechnology农艺,农业技术扩展:technologicaladj.technicaladj.学术的;技术性的;专门的8.artificialadj.madebyhumans,esp.asacopyofsthnatural人造的,人工的,假Eg:artificialflowersartificialrainartificialintelligence（人工智能）9.solvevtfindthesolutionto(aproblemorquestion)orunderstandthemeaningof解答，解决Eg:HefinallysolvedthedifficultyoftransportationIbelieveinyourabilitytosolvetheproblem.扩展:solutionton1)解答，解决2)溶液溶解归纳:solvetheproblemsolveamysterysolveapuzzlethesolutiontotheproblem12.personaladj.①Thisnoveliswrittenfrompersonalexperience.②Thosearemypersonalletters.youhavenorighttoreadthem③Thehostgivesusawarmpersonalwelcome.归纳：personaladj.①②③personallyadv.①Personally,Iamagainsthisplan.②Thehostwelcomedhisguestspersonally.归纳：personally①②个人的私人的亲自的就个人而言亲自地13.asaresult①Itdoesn'toftenraininsummer.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthegarden.②Asaresultoftheaccident,hebecamelame(跛).归纳：asaresult意思是，只能单独用；asaresultof=,意思是。即学活用A.用asaresult或asaresultof填空。3)Hewasill.____________________，hedidn'tgotoschool.他生病了。因此，他没去上学。(4)___________________________hisillness,hedidn'tgotoschool.由于生病，他没去上学。Asaresultofhisillness结果becauseof因为，由于Asaresult14.total/’təutəl/adj.nv总计的;全部的;总数;总数达…Eg:Atotaloftwentypeoplewerekilled.扩展:totallyadv.完全地；整个地归纳:intotal总计atotalof总数；总共totalup＝addup算出总数total(up)to＝addupto总额为[即学即练1]—Whatis________________________thesebooks？这些书的全部费用是多少？—Itcostme__________________of500yuan._________________，itcostme500yuan.Thecost_______________________500yuan.这些书总共花了我500元。thetotalcostofatotalofIntotaltotalledupto15..applicationn.用途;申请,申请表,申请扩展:applyv归纳:applytosbforsth为…向…申请Eg:It’ssaidthatsomestudentscanapplytoschoolforeducationalloan.16.finance/fai’næns/n.财经,金融financialadjEg:1)Shanghaiisoneofthemostimportantaninternationalfinancialcentres.2)Financialcrimesshouldbepunishedseverely.16.explorevtotravelintoorthrough(aplace)forthepurposeofdiscovery探索;;探测;研究（仔细检查某一主题或问题）Eg:1)Assoonastheyarrivedinthetowntheywentouttoexplore.2)Wemustexploreallthepossibilities.扩展:explorationn.17.anyhowadv.①Thedoorwon’topenanyhow.②Anyhow,itisworthtrying.归纳:anyhow=anyway意思是①②②结果，一些学生在考试中失败。不管怎样，他们没有灰心（放弃）。（译）无论如何不管怎样Asaresult,somestudentsfailedintheexam.Anyhow,theydidn’tloseheart/giveup.运用18.goal[ɡəul]n.目标；目的；球门；（进球）得分1)Heheadedtheballintoanopengoal.他乘虚把球顶入球门。(2)BrazilbeatFrancebytwogoalstoone.（巴西队以2︰1赢了法国队）归纳：score/kickagoal得(踢进一球得)一分keepgoal守球门achieve/realizeone’sgoal实现目标小练：中译英(1)她已经实现了她的目标。(2)我的人生目标是帮助他人。Shehasachievedhergoal.Mygoalinlifeistohelpothers.上节词汇复习：1.calculate-calculator-calculation-calculateon2.universalissue/universalmachine/Itisuniversallyrecognizedthat…3.simplifydifficultsums4.sum/asumof/insum5.operate/operateon6.Itislogicalthat…7.scienceandtechnology科学和技术agriculturaltechnology农艺,农业技术8.artificialflowers/artificialrain/artificialintelligence9.solvetheproblem/solveamystery/solveapuzzle/thesolutiontotheproblem10.personal一词多义11.asaresult;asaresultof;resultfrom..;resultin12.intotal/totally/atotalof13.applytosbforsth14.financialcenter/crime15.anyhow/anyway16.score/kickagoal得(踢进一球得)一分keepgoal守球门achieve/realizeone’sgoal实现目标17.explore/exploration19.signalvi.&vt.发信号n．信号adanger/warning/distresssignal危险/警告/遇难信号trafficsignals交通信号灯astopsignal停车信号归纳：signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signaltosb.向某人示意signal(sb.)that...示意……[即学即练](1)AllIgetis__________________wheneverIdialhisnumber.我什么时候拨他的电话听到的都是忙音。(2)He_____________________________forthebill.他示意服务员结帐。(3)She__________________________followher.她示意他跟她走。abusysignalsignalledthewaitersignalledhimto1.symbol/sign/signal/mark均含“标志，象征，符号”之意。(1)symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。(2)sign普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。(3)signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。(4)mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。[应用1](1)Redcrossisa______forhospital.(2)Aredlighti