学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 2

学术英语理工AcademicEnglishforScienceandEngineeringUnit2SearchingforInformationUnitContents1Findingreliableandbettersources2Scanningandskimming3Identifyingtopicsentencesforinformation4Guessingwordmeaning5Usingtheorganizationofthetext6Readingcritically7Takingnotes8Writingasummary1FindingreliableandbettersourcesToevaluatesourcematerialsTasksUnit2SearchingforInformation1FindingreliableandbettersourcesToevaluatesourcematerialsIsthematerialaprimaryorasecondarysource?Isthesourcethelatestone?Istheauthorareliablescholaroranexpertinthefield?Doestheauthorhavebiasesorprejudices?Hastheauthorbeencitedfrequentlyinthefield?Aretheauthor’sargumentssupportedbyevidencesuchasstatistics,experiment,recentscientificfindings?Aredifferentopinionsconsideredandweighedorsimplyignored?Aretheauthor’sargumentsandconclusionsconvincing?Unit2SearchingforInformation1FindingreliableandbettersourcesTasks1CheckthereliabilityofthesourcesonPage40.2Searchforsourcematerialsyourpapermayuseandthenwritedownthetitlesandsourcesofthearticles.ThemodelisgivenonPage41.3Markthereasonsforyourchoiceofthearticles.Unit2SearchingforInformation2ScanningandskimmingTipsforscanningandskimmingTask1usingscanningandskimmingstrategyText5CanyoucompletewithA.I.fortheNextjob?Unit2SearchingforInformation2ScanningandskimmingTipsforscanningandskimmingkeepinmindatalltimeswhatyouaresearchingfor(e.g.,thedefinitionofaterm,theeffectofaphenomenon);searchthesisstatementsandtopicsentencesinparagraphsfortheinformationyouwanttogain;usetheknowledgeoftheessayorganization(suchascause-effect,comparison-contrast,problem-solution)tofindwhatyouarelookingfor;payattentiontosignalwordssuchasnumbers,letters,steps,thewordssuchasfirst,second,andnext,orwordsthatarebold-faced,italics,orindifferentsizes,fonts,etc.Scanning:Unit2SearchingforInformation2ScanningandskimmingTipsforscanningandskimmingthetitleandsubtitles;theabstract(ifthereisone);theintroductionandthesis;thefirstorlastparagraphsoftheessays/chapters;headingsandsubheadings;theconclusionandsummaries;thefirstsentenceorthelastsentenceofeachparagraph;highlightedtextssuchaswordsinboldoritalictext;graphs,tablesordiagrams.Skimming:Unit2SearchingforInformation2Scanningandskimming1Whatdoes“A.I.”inthetitlestandfor?Artificialintelligence.2Whatisthemainideaofthearticleyoumaypredictfromthetitle?3Whatdoesthestoryinthefirstparagraphimply?Thearticlemayarguefor/againtheideathatArtificialintelligencewillreplacehumanjobsinthefuture.Thestorytellsthatcomputerizationthreatenstoreplacemanywhite-collarjobs.Unit2SearchingforInformation2Scanningandskimming4Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggestintermsoftheauthor’sattitude?Theauthorisoptimisticandmaynotagreethatmachineswillreplacehumanjobs.5Whatisthetopicsentenceofthesecondparagraph?Thespecterofautomationunemployingusallmayhavefinallyarrived.Unit2SearchingforInformation2Scanningandskimming6Thekeysentencereferstothesentenceinformingreadersoftheattitudeoftheauthor.Canyoulocatethekeysentence(s)inthefirstthreeparagraphs?7Canyoulocatetheplaceswheretheideaofthekeysentenceisrepeated?Butthemassjobshrinkagethattheseobserversallexpecteddidnotcome.YetAmericansasawholewerenotautomatedoutofwork(Para.8,L1).Yet,throughallthat,morenewjobsappeared(Para.11,L2).Unit2SearchingforInformation2Scanningandskimming8Whatdoesthesubheading“Demandsofaneweconomy”tellus?Manwillnotlosejobsbecausetherewillalwaysbedemandsofaneweconomy.9WhatdoesoneofLeinbach’sneighborsmeanwhenshewroteabouttheorderofhershoes?10Whatdoesthesubheading“Savingleadstospending”mean?Theneighborswouldprefertoordertheshoesfrommachine-handlingfactories.Savingwillleadtospendingwhichinturnwillcreatenewer,perhapsbetterjobstomorrow.Unit2SearchingforInformationUnit2SearchingforinformationAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText52Scanningandskimming1WhatwasthevirtualendoffarminginAmericanhistory?PleaseexplainthedecliningtrendoffarmingworkersintheUS.ThebiggestoccupationaldisplacementinAmericanhistorywasthevirtualendoffarming.Decliningtrend:AroundthetimeoftheRevolution,about90percentofAmericanswereinvolvedinfarming.Butastheagriculturalindustrygrew,itneededfewerandfewerworkers.Theabsolutenumberofpeoplewhoworkedatfarmingandranchinghititspeakinabout1910—ataround11or12million—andthenthenumberdroppedoffrapidly.Today,agricultureprovidesfewerthantwomillionjobs.AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText52Whatistheexamplethewritergivestoshowthatautomationmadeproductscheaper?Theexampleis:Around1900apoundofbreadcostanAmericanabouthalfanhourofhardfactorywork;around2000,apoundoffresher,morenutritiousbreadcostaboutfiveminutesofmucheasierwork.2ScanningandskimmingUnit2SearchingforinformationAdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText53WhatdoesthehistoricaltrendinAmericanworksuggest?ThehistoricaltrendinAmericanworksuggestssomeoptimismthatbetterjobsforhumansarecoming,buthistoryalsosuggeststhatfewtrendsmoveinthesamedirectionforverylong.2ScanningandskimmingUnit2SearchingforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——c10——i1——e2——h3——a4——g6——b7——j8——f9——d2S