英语作文写作之Summary 概括

SummaryWritingTakeoutapieceofpaperfornotes!Today’slessonisoneofthefollowing:UsefultipsforwritingsummariesHowtostayfitandkeepthin.Whicheveroneitis,takenotes!WhatisaSummary?Writingasummaryinvolvesputtingthemainideasintoyourownwordsandincludingonlythemainpoint(s).WhatisaSummary?Summariesaremuchshorterthantheoriginalsource.WhatisaSummary?Summariesdonotincludethesummarywritersopinionorinterpretation.WhatisaSummary?Agoodsummarywillprobablyincludethemainideaofeachparagraphandthemainevidencesupportingthoseideas.Selectedevidenceanddetailswillbeomitted.WhatisaSummary?Rearrangingwordsorsubstitutingwordsisnotenough.Youmustexpressthemeaningofthewritinginyourownwords.(Butnotuseyourownopinions/interpretations)Howtowriteasummary.Skimthetextlookforathesis,topicsentencesandkeywords.Howtowriteasummary.Readthetextonetimethrough,evenifyoudon’tunderstandeverything.Thengobackandreaditagainforfullunderstanding(checkingwordsect.).MakesureyouunderstandthetextcompletelyHowtowriteasummary.Writethemainideaofeachsection.Lookingatyournotes,decidewhatthemainideaofthemainpieceisandwritethethesis.Howtowriteasummary.Notes:thesource(author--first/lastname,title,dateofpublication,volumenumber,placeofpublication,publisher,URL,etc.)themainideaoftheoriginal(paraphrased)themajorsupportingpoints(inoutlineform)majorsupportingexplanations(e.g.reasons/causesoreffects)Howtowriteasummary.Inhis/herarticle(orlecture)”_(title,firstlettercapitalized),”year.(author/lecturer'slastname)argues/claims/reports/contends/maintains/statesthat____________________________.(mainidea/argument)Howtowriteasummary.Accordingto___________________(year),________________________________________.___________'sarticleon______________discussesthe____________________.Howtowriteasummary.Howtowriteasummary.Forlongersummaries:Theauthorgoesontosaythat...Thearticle(author)furtherstatesthat...(Author'slastname)alsostates/maintains/arguesthat...(Author'slastname)alsobelievesthat...(Author'slastname)concludesthatExamplesThefollowingtwoexamplesaresummariesofarticlesyoucangobackandreadonyourown.Foradditionalexamplesofsummariescheckpage349inyourtextbook.InDon'tTouchThatDial(BostonGlobe,28.07.91),MadelineDrexlerintroducesthefindingsofDanielAnderson,apsychologistandacademicwhothinksweshouldfocusontheroleoftelevisioninfamiliesandsocietyasawholeratherthanonitseffectonchildren'smentaldevelopment.Infact,hedeniesthatwatchingtelevisionlowersIQscores.Childrenwatchtelevisionactively,learningtoanalyzetheimagesthattheysee.Moreover,thetimethattheyspendwatchingtelevisionisnottimethatwouldotherwisehavebeenspentreading.Therealdebateshouldbeaboutthepossibleeffectofthecontentoftelevisiononchildren'swaysofthinking,notabouttelevision-watchingitself.Schoolsshouldusetelevisionasawayofteachingcriticalthinking.Parentsshouldwatchtelevisionwiththeirchildrenandtalkaboutit,ratherthanusingitasababy-sitter.Theyshouldpayattentiontothequalityofwhattheirchildrenwatch;ifachildseemstowatchtoomuch,theyneedtoaskwhatelsethechildhastodo,andwhethers/heistryingtoescapereallifeforsomereason.InStudentsShallNotDownload.Yeah,Sure.(NewYorkTimes,20.09.03),KateZernikedescribestheattitudesofstudentsatPennsylvaniaStateUniversitytoillegaldownloadingofInternetmaterial.Shepointsoutthatwhiletheyareawareoftheillegality,theythinkthatisallrighttoignorethelawonthisissue,justastheyignoretheagelimitontheconsumptionofalcohol.Thisattitudeisencouragedbyvariousfactors:theeasebywhichtheyareabletodownload,theirassumptionthattheInternetbelongstoeveryone,andtheavailabilityofInternetservicesoncampusandtheirimportancetouniversitylife.Warningsagainstillegaldownloadingfromtheuniversityauthoritieshavelittleeffectbecausestudentsdonotagreethatsuchdownloadingcausesanyharm.Infact,theyarguethattheyspendmoneyonbandsthattheywouldnotknowabouthaditnotbeenforillegaldownloads.Unlikeolderpeople,theyseenopointinpayingmoneytobuyarecordingofasong.Threatsofpunishmentmakestudentsmorecautious,butinnowayleadthemtostopdownloading.BreakTimeWritingSurvey:Summaries1.)Whydowewritesummaries?2.)Whatisyourunderstandingofthesummerywritingprocess?WhatdoesMattrecommend?WritingSurvey:Summaries3.)Inyouropinion,whatisthemostchallengingpartofthesummary-writingprocess?4.)Didyounoticeanythingyoucanimproveinyourassignment#5afterlisteningtotoday’slecture?ACTIVITYTrywritingaonesentencesummaryoneortwoparagraphsfromyourpartnersarticle.Whenyoufinish,tradepaperswithyourpartnerandcheckit.Didtheysummarizeyourpaperwell?Assignment#6/Pickupanyoldassignments.Writeasummarydrawingfromacurrent,EnglishlanguagesourceoutsideChina.200-300words.Articlelengthshouldbe600-1600.Printboththeoriginalarticleandsummery.