综合英语1 Dealing with Aids

Unit5DealingwithAIDSUnit5•AIDSstandsforAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeAcquiredmeansyoucangetinfectedwithitImmuneDeficiencymeansaweaknessinthebody'ssystemthatfightsdiseases.Syndromemeansagroupofhealthproblemsthatmakeupadisease.Unit5AIDSiscausedbyaviruscalledHIV,theHumanImmunodeficiency（免疫缺陷）Virus.HIVisavirusthatattacksthebody‘simmunesystem-thebody’sdefenseagainstdiseases.IfyougetinfectedwithHIV,yourbodywilltrytofighttheinfection.Itwillmake“antibodies”,specialmoleculesthataresupposedtofightHIV.Unit5•WhenyougetabloodtestforHIV,thetestlooksfortheseantibodies.Ifyouhavetheminyourblood,itmeansthatyouhaveHIVinfection.PeoplewhohavetheHIVantibodiesarecalledHIV-Positive.•ApersoninfectedwithHIVmaynothavesymptomstostartwith,buteventuallywithouteffectivetreatmenttheimmunesystemwillbecomeveryweakandtheywillnolongerbeabletofightoffillnesses.Unit5•No.WhensomeoneisdescribedasHIVpositive,theyhavetheHIVvirusintheirbody.ApersonisconsideredtohavedevelopedAIDSwhentheimmunesystemissoweakitcannolongerfightoffarangeofdiseaseswithwhichitwouldnormallycope.Unit5WHATAREOPPORTUNISTICINFECTIONS?•Inourbodies,wecarrymanygerms-bacteria,protozoa,fungi（真菌）,andviruses.Whenourimmunesystemisworking,itcontrolsthesegerms.ButwhentheimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIVdiseaseorbysomemedications,thesegermscangetoutofcontrolandcausehealthproblems.•Infectionsthattakeadvantageofweaknessintheimmunedefensesarecalled“opportunistic（投机）.ThephraseopportunisticinfectionisoftenshortenedtoOI.Unit5HowlongdoesittakeforHIVtocauseAIDS?•Currently,theaveragetimebetweenHIVinfectionandtheappearanceofsignsthatcouldleadtoanAIDSdiagnosisis8-11years.Thistimevariesgreatlyfrompersontopersonandcandependonmanyfactorsincludingaperson'shealthstatusandbehaviors.TodaytherearemedicaltreatmentsthatcanslowdowntherateatwhichHIVweakenstheimmunesystem.ThereareothertreatmentsthatcanpreventorcuresomeoftheillnessesassociatedwithAIDS.Aswithotherdiseases,earlydetectionoffersmoreoptionsfortreatmentandpreventativehealthcare.Unit5•YoumightnotknowifyougetinfectedbyHIV.Somepeoplegetfever,headache,soremusclesandjoints,stomachache,swollenlymph（淋巴）glands,oraskinrash（疹子）foroneortwoweeks.Mostpeoplethinkit'stheflu.Somepeoplehavenosymptoms.Unit5•No,buttreatmentcankeepthevirusundercontrolandtheimmunesystemhealthy.PeopleonHIVtreatmentcanliveahealthy,activelife,althoughtheymayexperiencesideeffectsfromthetreatment.IfHIVisdiagnosedlate,treatmentmaybelesseffectiveinpreventingAIDS.Unit5•PeoplelivingwithHIVmayfindithardtotellothersabouttheirconditionastheyworrythatpeoplewillrejectthem,ortheywillexperienceprejudicefromfriends,familyandcolleagues.PeoplelivingwithHIVcanalsoexperiencediscriminationintheirworkplace,inhealthcaresettingsfrommembersoftheirlocalcommunityandthroughthemedia.•HIVprejudiceisoftentheresultofignoranceabouthowHIVispassedonandunfoundedfearofbecominginfected.EncouragingthosearoundustotalkaboutHIVandfindoutthefactscanhelpovercomethis.Unit5•HIVcanbepassedonthroughinfectedblood,semen(精液),vaginal(阴道)fluidsorbreastmilk.ThemostcommonwaysHIVispassedonare:•Sexwithoutacondom(安全套)withsomeonelivingwithHIV•Sharinginfectedneedles,syringes(针筒)orotherinjectingdrugequipment•FromanHIV-positivemother(toherchild)duringpregnancy,childbirthorbreastfeedingUnit5HOWDOPEOPLEGETAIDS?•Youdon'tactuallygetAIDS.YoumightgetinfectedwithHIV,andlateryoumightdevelopAIDS.YoucangetinfectedwithHIVfromanyonewho'sinfected,eveniftheydon'tlooksick,andeveniftheyhaven'ttestedHIV-positiveyet.Theblood,vaginalfluid,semen,andbreastmilkofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasenoughofthevirusinittoinfectotherpeople.MostpeoplegettheHIVvirusby:Unit5•GettingatransfusionofinfectedbloodusedtobeawaypeoplegotAIDS,butnowthebloodsupplyisscreenedverycarefullyandtheriskisextremelylow.•TherearenodocumentedcasesofHIVbeingtransmittedbytearsorsaliva（唾液）,butitispossibletobeinfectedwithHIVthroughoralsexorinrarecasesthroughdeepkissing,especiallyifyouhaveopensoresinyourmouthorbleedinggums.Unit5•No.HIVcannotbepassedonthrough:•Kissingortouching•Spitting,coughingorsneezing•Toiletseats,swimmingpools,orsharedfacilitiesorutensilsUnit5•Yes.HIVcanbepassedfrommothertochild,buttherearestepsthatcanbetakentoreducethepossibilityofthechildcontractingHIVtolessthanonepercent,includinggivingthemotherandchildantiretroviralHIVdrugs,deliveringthechildbyCaesarean(剖腹产)andnotbreastfeedingthebaby.Unit5•IfyouaresexuallyactiveorshareneedlesyoucouldbeatriskfromgettingHIV.Althoughanyonecanbecomeinfected,somecommunitiesintheUKhavehigherratesofinfection,suchashomosexualandbisexualmenandBlackAfricanmenandwomen.Unit5Test:InwhatwaywillonegetAIDS?1.ShakehandswithHIV-positivepatients.2.Havingmealswithaninfectedperson.3.Sharingneedleswhentakingdrug.4.Mosquitobite.5.CatchingHIV-positivepatients’sneezingandcough.Unit56.Unprotectedsexwithaninfectedperson.7.BornbyanHIV-positivemother.8.GettingBloodtransfusionfromanHIV-positivepatient.9.Usingunsterilized（未杀菌的）shaversorteeth-washingappliance.10.Swimminginpublicswimming-pools.11.UsingtelephoneswhichhasbeenusedbyHIV-positivepatients.Unit5TheThemeforWorldAIDSDay•1994-AIDS&theFa