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Unit4ConstructingABuilding土建英语新职业英语EnglishforCivilEngineeringUnit4ConstructingABuildingWarming-upReadingAListeningSpeaking4123ReadingB5Writing6VocabularyandStructure8Self-evaluation7Grammar9BackTheGreatestBuilding10Unit4ConstructingABuildingWarming-upBackNextHomeTask1Task2Unit4ConstructingABuildingWarming-upTask1ReadthediagramandtranslatethepartiesinconstructionprojectfromEnglishintoChinese.owner业主architect/engineer建筑师/工程师constructionmanager工程经理tradecontractor贸易承包人vendor/supplier供应商BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingWarming-upTask2Discusswhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseonthebasisofyourownunderstandingoftheconstructionindustry.❖Constructioncontractors,designers,materialssuppliers,andequipmentmanufacturersareinvolvedinconstructionindustry.❖Theconstructionindustryisverycustomer-oriented.❖Constructionprojectsrarelyinvolvegovernmentalagencies,engineers,architects,lawyers,insurancecompaniesandcontractors.BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingHomeReadingATask1TextTask2Task3Task4Unit4ConstructingABuildingReadingATask1Beforereadingthepassage,seehowmuchyouknowaboutstructureconstructionbyansweringthefollowingquestions.1.Whatisconstruction?2.Whatisstructureconstruction?BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingAStructureConstructionConstructionisthetranslationofadesigntoareality.Itisimportantthatconstructionfollowsthedesignplanexactlysothatthestructurewillperformasitwasintendedtoandtheworkwillbefinishedwithintherequiredtimeatthepredictedcost.BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingAThedesignermustbeinclosecontactwitheverythingthatisdoneduringtheconstructionworksohecanevaluateanychangesinthesiteconditions,materialsandworkand,ifnecessary,correctorimprovethem.BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingATheconstructionworkcanbedividedintoanumberofstages:1.Evaluatingthesite2.Planningthejob3.Preparingthesite4.Buildingthestructure5.CleaningupBackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingAThefirststage,evaluation,consistsofacarefulstudyofthespecifications,basicdemandsandfeaturesofthesiteitself.Thesecondstageisthemostimportantifthejobistobedoneeffectivelyandeconomically.Theequipment,laborandmaterialsforeachstageoftheconstructionmustbeprovidedatthecorrecttimesocarefulplanningisnecessary.Thethirdstageincludesconstructingaccessroads;sourcingandprovidingwarehousestorage,machinerysuchasconcretemixers,asiteofficeandhousingfortheworkmen.Someofthesearrangementsmaybechangedseveraltimesduringtheprogressofthework.Ofcourse,themajoramountofthetimeandmoneyisspentinthebuildingstage.Finally,whentheconstructioniscomplete,thesitemustbecompletelycleanedandlandscapedandthebuildinghandedovertomanagersandmaintenancepersonnel.BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingATheemployeesonabuildingsiteshouldbegiventraininginworkskillsandhealthandsafetyprocedures.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,constructionmethodsareconstantlychanginginallareas.Manyofthefunctionsthatusedtobedonemanuallyarenowautomatedandcomputer-controlled,especiallyinresidentialconstruction.Thustherewillbeademandformoreskilledworkmen,primarilythosehavingatechnicalbackground.BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingA施工就是将建筑设计转化为现实中的建筑物。施工必须严格遵照设计图纸，从而建筑才能实现既定目标，并且在要求的时间内以预期的成本完成施工。结构施工BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingA设计师在建筑施工期间要时刻和施工单位的人员保持密切的联系，这样他就可以随时评估施工现场的条件、建筑材料和和工作的具体情况，如果有必要，根据这些情况及时更改或完善设计。BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingA施工过程可分为几个阶段：1.工地的评估2.工地的规划3.工地的筹备4.施工5.工地的清理BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingA在进行第一阶段即工地的评估时，需要仔细研究技术规范、基本需求和工地自身特点。第二阶段是最重要的，因为好的规划可以有效地经济地完成施工。每个阶段所需的建筑设备、劳动力和建筑材料都应适时地保证供应，因此认真规划是必要的。第三个阶段包括兴建通路、准备仓库存储、机械设备如混凝土搅拌机、办公室和工人的住所。随着工程的进展，这些可能会经过多次修改。当然，大部分时间和费用是花费在施工过程当中。最后，当施工完成，工地必须彻底清理干净并美化，最后建筑物移交经理和维修人员。BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingA工地上的建筑工人应得到工作技能及健康和安全方面的培训。随着科学技术的发展，施工方法不断变化。许多原来手工完成的工作现在都实现了自动化和计算机控制，尤其是在住宅施工方面。因此对于技术工人，尤其是具有技术背景的工人的需求将增加。BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingAtranslationn.转化e.g.1.Thetranslationoftheoryintopracticeisnoteasysometimes.有时把理论转化为实践并非易事。2.Weshouldpayattentiontothetranslationofideasintodeeds.我们应该重视思想到行动的转化。BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingAperformv.做；执行；履行；实行；表现e.g.1.Theequipmentperformedwellduringthetests.这台设备在测试中表现良好。2.Thetruckperformsbadlyinthewet.这辆卡车在下雨天不好开。BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingAcontactn.联系，联络；交往e.g.1.“HaveyoubeenincontactwithAndrewrecently?”“Onlybytelephone.”“最近跟安德鲁联系过吗？”“就打电话吗？”2.Shehasnothadanycontactwithherfriendforyears.她已经好多年没有和她朋友联系了。BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingAcleanup打扫，清理，把······弄干净e.g.1.Healwaysexpectedotherpeopletocleanupafterhim.他总希望别人帮他打扫。2.WespentallSundayafternooncleaningup.我们整个星期天下午都在打扫卫生。BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingAeffectivelyadv.有效地e.g.1.Thecompanymustreducecoststocompeteeffectively.公司必须减少成本有效地去竞争。2.Peoplehavetolearntocommunicateeffectively.人们应该学会有效地交流。BackNextHomeUnit4ConstructingABuildingReadingAeconomicallyadv.经济地，省钱地，节省地e.g.1.Asastudentshelivedveryeconomically,rarelygoingoutandbuyingveryfewclothes.作