搜索
MartialArts&TraditionalChineseWeaponsOverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)•whatisMartialArts(kong-fu)?•Wushuormartialartsisadefensiveandoffensivecombatsystemthatincludesmanysetpatternssuchaskicking,hitting，throwing,catching，hacking,andsticking.•所谓武术，就是以踢、打、摔、拿、劈、刺等技击动作为主要内容，组成进攻和防守套路的对抗形式攻和防守套路的对抗形式。OverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)•Kong-fu:Howdidthiscomeabout?•ChineseWushucanbetracedbacktoprimitivesociety．Intheharshstruggleforsurvival，someattackinganddefendingskillswereneeded．Inefforttoimprovephysicalstrengthandadvancetheirwisdomofhunting,theoriginalWushuwasdeveloped．Afterenteringintoaslaveandfeudalsociety,fightingskillsdevelopedquicklyaswarsburstoutveryfrequently．TheturbulentsocietywasanotherreasonpromotepeopletopracticeWushu．•中国武术的源头，可以追溯到原始社会。在严酷的生存斗争中，人们自然产生一些拳打脚踢的初级攻防手段。在狩猎活动中，人们不断改善体力、提高智慧，于是就出现了原始形态的武术。进入奴隶社会和封建社会后，民族、国家之间经常爆发战争，武术的格斗技能在军队中得到重视和发展。社会动荡不安也大大促进了民间习武之风。MythsoftheMartialArts•WhileitistruethatthemartialartsconstituteanimportantaspectofChinesephysicalculture,generalunderstandingoftheChinesemartialartstraditionisbasedontwomyths：•Myths:Theiroriginsareattributedto–Bodhidharma（达摩）,anIndianmonkwhoissaidtohavecometoChinainthe6thcenturyandresidedinthefamousShaolinMonasteryaround525AD–Taijiquan(T’ai-chich’uan)allegedly（据传）createdbyZhangSanfeng,amythicalTaoistmasterbelievedtohavelivedintheSong,Yuan,orMingdynasty(1368-1644)OverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)MainshchoolsofMartialArts:Shaolinboxing(北派少林）Shaolinboxingisfamousforitsoutsideskills.Longboxing,Shortboxing,andDitangboxing，belongtotheShaolinstyleandaremainlyusedforfighting.少林以外家拳著称于世,外家拳的种类很多，包括长拳、短拳、地躺拳等，主要用于格斗。OverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)MainshchoolsofMartialArts:Shaolinboxing(北派少林）ShaolintemplerisingtoprominencewasoneofthemostimportantthingsinChineseWushuhistory．ThetempleislocatedonMt．SongshaninDengfengcounty,HenanProvince.ItissaidthatduringtheTangDynasty,themonkshelpedLi-Shimin,awould-beemperor,makingagreatcontributiontounitethestates，thusthetemplewasgivenahandsomereward．Sincethen,theKong-fuofShaolinhasbeendevelopedandbecamefamousallovertheworld．少林寺的崛起是中国武术史上的一件大事。少林寺位于河南省登封县的嵩山上。据说唐朝时期，少林寺的武僧帮助秦王李世民作战，为唐朝统一天下立下汗马功劳，少林寺因此受到了皇帝的封赏。从此，少林寺武功日益发展，并扬名天下OverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)MainshchoolsofMartialArts:Shaolinboxing(北派少林）NorthernShaolin,Mt.Song,HenanProvinceSouthernShaolin,Putian,FujianProvinceTheirmartialartskillscamefromthathandeddownbyBodhidhama,thefirstpatriarch（禅宗）ofChineseChantraditionKnownastheoriginatorofMuscleChangeClassic(Yijinjing),MallowCleasingClassic(Xisuijing),EighteenLohanexercises….OverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)MainshchoolsofMartialArts:Wudangboxing(南派武当）Wudanghasgainedthegoodreputationforinsideskills..OnlyTaichiboxingandEightDiagrambelongtoWudangboxing,whicharemainlyusedfordefendingandkeepingingoodhealth.武当则以内家拳名闻天下,内家拳的种类主要有“太极”和“八卦”两种，其特点是“以静制动”，“主在御敌”，更侧重于健身.八卦掌太极拳OverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)MainshchoolsofMartialArts:Wudangboxing(南派武当）TaichiinChinaTaichi(knownastaijiquanortaichichuaninChina)meansslowmotionshadowdancingorsupremeultimatefist.Practicedformorethan2,500years,itisaformofexerciseandcalisthenics(健美体操）thatincorporates（体现）elementsofthemartialarts,danceandEasternmysticism（东方神秘）.Taichiisaneffortlessandrhythmicartthatstressesslowbreathing,balancedandrelaxedposturesandabsolutecalmnessofmind.ItrequiresnoequipmentandnospecialplacetopracticeandisassociatedwithnorthernChina.Intheearlymorning,manyoldChinesecanbeseeninparksinthecitiesperformingtaichi.Youngwomenoftendotaichitokeepslimandfit.Taichiisalsopromotedaswaytoimprovebreathing,digestionandmuscletone.Somepeopledotwohoursoftaichieveryday.OverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)MainshchoolsofMartialArts:Wudangboxing(南派武当）TaichiMovements•PractitionersofTaichiconcentrateonmaintainingperfectbalancewhileflexingtheirmusclesandshiftingfromonestylizedpositiontoanother.Themovementsarefluidandcircularandareofteninspiredbyanimalssuchascranes,prayingmantisesandmonkeys.•Therearetwomaintaichiforms:1)theYangstyle,featuringextended,gracefulmovements.2)theChenstyle,featuringcoiling,spiralingandsuddenexplosivestomps,kicksandpunchesandsometimesshowcasesthetraditionaltaichiweapons,thestraightswordandsaber.OverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)•SpiritofMartialArts•ChineseWushupaysgreatattentiontoharmonyfrominsideandoutsideandcombiningpeople'sactionswiththeirenvironment．•中国武术讲究“内外合一，形神兼备”•Peopleusuallyusesomethingnaturalasconductobjectwhentheypracticeit．•常把大自然的景物作为练武的参照对象•Theformsareoftendescribedaslookinglikeamonkey,standinglikeapinetree，sittinglikeaclock,aslightasaleaf,andasquickaswind．•武术动作形容成“动如猿”、“站如松”、“坐如钟”、“轻如叶”、“疾如风”OverviewaboutMartialArts(Kong-fu)PromotionofMartialArts–Todevelopmartialspiritinthepeoplesoastochangetheimageof“sickmanofAsia,”anappellation(称呼）(derivedfromlateQingmilitaryfailure.–BothShaolinmartialartsandTaijiquanwerepromoted.–PopularmythsofShaolinmartialartsasaintegral（完整的）partoftheChinesemartialarttraditioncontinuedtoexertinfluence,despitescholars’effortstodemythologize（去除...神话色彩）them.BruceLee(LeeXiaolong)•FamilyLife•BorninSanFranciscoin1940•GrewupinHongkong,wherehe