第二部分 第十二讲 并列句、感叹句和状语从句

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属性连接词典型例句并列关系and,notonly...butalso,neither...nor...Theircarbrokedownhalfwayandtheyhadtostayinasmallinnforthenight.选择关系or,either...or...,otherwise,orelseEitheryouaremad,orIam.1.并列连词归纳。属性连接词典型例句转折关系but,yet,still,however,while,whenMarywasanicegirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.因果关系for,soSomeoneiscoming,forthedogisbarking.2.使用时特别注意其连词特性。(1)and,notonly...but(also)...,neither,nor,neither...nor...等词连接的并列句,在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申。Oneday,Iwaslate,andmyteacherwasangry.有一天我迟到了,我的老师生气了。Thinkitover,andyou'llfindawayout.仔细考虑,你将发现一条出路。Notonlyishehimselfinterestedinthesubject,butalsohisstudentsbegintoshowinterestinit.不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣,他的学生也开始显示出兴趣。(2)or,either...or...连接并列句表示选择意义。Thechildrencangowithus,ortheycanstayin.(选择)孩子们可以跟我们一起去,也可以留下。Theworkerswerecheerful,oratleasttheyappearedtobecheerful.(换个说法)工人们非常高兴,或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。Becareful,oryouwillbreakyourneck.(否定条件)小心点,否则你会折断脖子的。1.(2011·黄冈质检)________________(打开电视)andyouwillfindnumerousexamplesofpeopleneedinghelp.(turn)答案:TurnontheTV2.(2011·襄阳市调研)Don'tworry!________________(跟我在一起)allthetimeandyou'llhavethesenseofsecurity,Ipromise.(stick)答案:Sticktome3.(2011·荆门质检)—DidyouhearthatLiHuawasrobbedduringhisrecenttriptoSouthAfrica?—Yes,notonly________________(他丢了)hismoney,buthewasnearlykilled.(lose)答案:didhelose感叹句结构感叹句通常有what,how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词+陈述语序What+名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序Howcleveraboyheis!=Whatacleverboyheis!多么聪明的小男孩!Howlovelythebabyis!这个婴儿多么可爱啊!Whatnoisetheyaremaking!他们弄得声音真大!Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!(我们的)主意多好!Whatcoldweatheritis!多么冷的天气呀!1.(2011·咸宁调考)________________(她是多么的失望)whensheheardthatallherclassmateshadgonehikingtothenearbymountainwithouther.(disappoint)解析:考查感叹句。答案:Howdisappointedshewas2.(2011·武汉重点中学联考)____________________(多好的天气)andagreatexperience,isn'tit?(weather)答案:Whatniceweather3.(2011·武汉市四校联考)Youcan'timagine____________(我们多么兴奋)whenhearingthatwewouldhavetwodaysoffwork.(excite)答案:howexcitedwewere1.when引导的时间状语从句。意为“正在这时”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时,突然发生另一动作:beabouttodo...when...bedoing...when...beonthepointofdoing...when...hadjustdone...when...Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.我们刚要出发,突然下起雨来。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.我们正开着会突然有人闯入。[注意]when还可表原因,意为“既然”。HowcanIhelpthemtounderstandwhentheywon'tlistentome?既然他们不听我说,我怎么帮他们理解?2.表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句。assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...。这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.我们刚到车站,火车就离站了。Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。3.before(1)若表达“还未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;趁……;还没来得及……就……”时,需用连词before。HerushedoutoftheroombeforeItoldhimthenews.我还没来得及告诉他消息,他就冲出了房间。Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。(2)itwillbe+一段时间+before...多久之后才……。ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.还得呆半年我才能回来。(3)Itwon'tbelongbefore...不久就……。Itwon'tbelongbeforewemeetagain.没多长时间我们就会又见面的。1.(2010·安徽高考)Justusethisroomforthetimebeing,andwe'llofferyoualargerone________itbecomesavailable.A.assoonasB.unlessC.asfarasD.until解析:考查连词的用法。由第一分句句中的forthetimebeing(暂时)可知,此处用assoonas引导时间状语从句。答案:A2.(2010·四川高考)Becauseoftheheavytraffic,itwasalreadytimeforlunchbreak________shegottoheroffice.A.sinceB.thatC.whenD.until解析:考查状语从句。when引导时间状语从句。句意:因为交通拥挤,当她到达办公室时已是午休时间了。答案:C3.(2011·日照市调研考试)Jerryrushedhome________heheardthenews,only________thathishousehadbeenburntdownandallthefurnitureburntout.A.assoonas;findingB.immediately;tofindC.themoment;findD.when;found解析:考查状语从句和不定式。句意:Jerry一听到消息就跑回家,结果却发现自己的房子被烧毁了,所有的家具都已化成灰烬。第一空表示“一……就……”,A、B、C三项都可以,但从第二空分析,只能用不定式,onlytofind“结果却发现”,表示出人意料的结果。答案:B4.(2011·黄冈中学质检)Itwillbetenyears____________(我们才能相会).(before)解析:考查before引导的时间状语从句。答案:beforewemeet1.通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.在你有问题的地方作个标记。You'dbetternotleavethemedicinewherekidscangetatit.(山东高考)你最好不要把药放在孩子够着的地方。2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.有志者,事竟成。Where(ver)there'splentyofsunandrain,thefieldsaregreen.哪里阳光雨水充足,哪里的田野就绿油油。3.where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别:where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。Ifyouaretravellingwherethecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.(天津高考)(地点状语从句)→Ifyouaretravellinginplaceswherethecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.(定语从句)如果你到风俗习惯不同的地方旅行,请入乡随俗。1.(2010·重庆高考)Today,wewillbegin________westoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwillbeleftout.A.whenB.whereC.howD.what解析:考查状语从句。where在此处引导地点状语从句。答案:B2.(2009·山东高考)Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain________shewasandwaitforhermother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who解析:考查状语从句。句意:这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。故应选择where来引导地点状语从句,答案为A。答案:A3.(2011·河北保定调研)—Wheredoyouplantowork?—I'vemadeupmymindtogo________I'mmostneeded.A.totheplaceB.towhichC.thatD.where解析:考查状语从句。此处是由where引导的地点状语从句,所以选D项。答案:D1.由if,unless“如果不,除非”,as(so)longas“只要”,incase(that)“结果,万一”,once“一旦”等连词引导的条件状语从句。We'llhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayunlessitrainsor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