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GrammarGrammar1–1.Observation&Discussion(4m)RecallthesentencesfromMyFirstRideonaTrain,andfillintheblankswithoneproperword,thendiscussthequestionsbelow.1._________camelscarriedfoodandothersupplies.2.Wesaw____________farmswhichweremorethanahundredyearsago.3.Weategreatmeals__________byexperts.•Arethesewordspastparticiplesofverbs?•Whatpartofspeecharethesewordsusedinthesentencesabove?•Whatisdifferencebetweenthefirsttwoandthethirdsentenceastothewordorder?Whyisitlikethat?TrainedabandonedcookedThe–edformusedasattributives-ed分词既可以作前置定语,也可以作后置定语。1.单个的过去分词作定语作前置定语。2.过去分词短语通常作后置定语。无论过去分词充当前置定语还是后置定语都相当于一个定语从句。GrammarIA.及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成意义。如:abrokencup一个破杯子awoundedsoldier一名伤员B.不及物动词的具有主动和完成意义。agrownwoman一位成年妇女anescapedprisoner一名逃犯如:thecolorTVsetproducedlastyear=thecolorTVsetthatwereproducedlastyear去年生产的彩色电视机aletterwrittentomebymydaughter=aletterthatwaswrittentomebymydaughter一封我女儿写给我的信C.还可表示无时间被动：只表被动的动作不表示过去的时间。如：e.g:TheTVsmadeinChina(=theTVswhich/thataremadeinChina)ispopularwiththepeopleinRussia.D。表示与句中谓语动词相应的经常性的动作。如：如：Hewasthenaprofessorrespected(thatwasrespected)byalltheteachersandstudentsofthecollege.当时他是一个受这所大学里全体师生尊敬的教授。3.个别单个的过去分词作前置定语或后置定语时,表达的含义不同。如：前置定语后置定语aconcernedlook关切的神色theauthoritiesconcerned有关当局awantedperson被通缉的人jobswanted需要的工作inagivencondition在一定条件下apresentgivenbythestudent学生送的礼物ausedcar一辆旧车acarused一辆用过的车4.某些动词的过去分词已转化成了形容词，表示某人的内心感受，有时还可以修饰voiceexpression,look等名词，表示透过某人的声音和表情而显示出某人的内心感受。e.g:HisamazedexpressionshowedthatHewasamazedatthenews.5.某些动词的过去分词在长期使用中的已转化成了形容词，没有被动和完成的意义，只表状态。如：well-informed,well-known,experienced,married,used,given,Concerned.e.g:Theexperiencedteacherisrespectedbyallthestudents.6.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：（1）过去分词作定语表示被动且完成；而现在分词作定语表示主动或正在进行,动词不定时表示将来的动作。boilingwater:沸腾的水boiledwater:烧开过的水（白开水）fallingleaves:正在下落的叶子fallenleaves:已经下落的叶子Doyouhavesomethingimportanttodo?（2）某些动词的现在分词表示“令人感到…的”,过去分词表示“感到…的”，表示某人的内心感受。exciting:令人感到兴奋的excited:感到兴奋的7.doing的被动语态是beingdonetodo的被动语态是tobedone1.Thegirlbeingquestionednowismyclassmate.2.Thehousetobebuiltnextyearisameetingroom.StepⅣ:Doexercise•1:WelivedinthehouseA.toldbyanoldwoman•2:WeboughtacamelB.writtenbyLuXun.•3:IsawafilmC.abandonedbygrandfamy•yearsago.•4:IateanexcellentmealD.trainedbyanAfghanman.•5:IlistenedtoastoryE.directedbySteveSpielberg•6:IreadtwobooksF.cookedbymybrother.1.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known语法练习(一)2.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formedD.havingformed3.therewasan____lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.A.excitedB.excitementC.excitingD.excitedly4.It’swrongforthe___countriestocontroltheworld.A.developmentB.developingC.developedD.develop5.Ihavecollectedthemoney____.A.needingB.needC.toneedD.needed6.Thebridge___nextyearwillbeverylong.A.beingbuiltB.tobebuiltC.builtD.building7.Thebookcanbeusedin___countries.A.English-speakingB.English-spokenC.speaking-EnglishD.spoken-English8.Fromhis____voice,Ihavetosaythatyouarereally_____.A.disappointed;disappointedB.disappointing;disappointingC.disappointed;disappointingD.disappointing;disappointed9.Thisistheproblem___atthemeetingyesterday.A.beingdiscussed;B.havingdiscussedC.tobediscussedD.discussed10.The___lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadnotexpectedso.A.surprisedB.surprisingC.excitedD.excitingScanningreading•Findthepasttensetimeexpressions:Recently…alongtimeago…duringtheday…Ahundredandfiftyyearsago…Onenight…Untilthe1920s…At(about)midnight…In1925…PastTenseTimeExpressions1.常用的表示过去的时间状语有:recently,duringtheday,onenight,alongtimeago,untilthe1920s,in1925,formanyyears,justnow,atthattime,duringhismiddleschoolyears,then,lastnight/year/week/month,aweek/month/yearago,intheolddays…GrammarII:2.表示过去的习惯性、重复性的动作,常用一定的时间状语或频度状语,如：IplayedfootballeveryweekwhenIwasyoung.Iusedtogoshoppingduringweekdays.3.在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，如果主从句都表过去将来，从句用一般过去时表将来，主句用过去将来时。Hesaidhewouldtellthenewstoherifhesawher.1.上周末,简吃了一顿由外婆做的好饭。Lastweekend,Janeateanicemeal(whichwas)cookedbyhergrandmother.2.昨天晚上,她完成作业后就上床睡觉了。Shewenttobedaftershefinishedherhomeworklastnight.Translation3.前几天,Robert去北京出差了。RobertwenttoBeijingonbusinessafewdaysago.4.过去玛丽一周来拜访我一次。Maryusedtopayavisitto/visitmeonceaweek.functionHomework•1.Preview“Vocabulary”,“Writing”and“CulturalCorner”.•2.Finishthegrammarexerciseonthepaper.•3.Translatethefollowingsentences:•我刚才指的是昨天讨论的那个问题.(referto)•他们再也不需要受过训练的骆驼了.•在午夜时,我只剩下5元钱了.