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化工原理课程设计1/44目录摘要........................................................4前言........................................................5课程设计任务书..................................................6《课程设计》综合成绩评定表......................................7第一章设计概述.................................................91.1塔设备在化工生产中的作用与地位..........................91.2塔设备的分类............................................91.3板式塔..................................................91.3.1泡罩塔............................................91.3.2筛板塔...........................................101.3.3浮阀塔...........................................10第二章设计方案的确定及流程说明................................112.1塔型选择...............................................112.2操作压力...............................................112.3进料状态...............................................122.4加热方式...............................................122.5回流比.................................................122.6产品纯度或回收率.......................................132.7热能的利用.............................................132.8操作流程...............................................13第三章精馏塔的工艺计算.......................................143.1摩尔分数...............................................143.2最小回流比和最佳回流比的确定...........................143.3物料横算...............................................173.4塔板数的确定...........................................173.4.1理论塔板数NT的确定...............................173.4.2全塔效率的估算...................................18化工原理课程设计2/443.4.3实际塔板数.......................................19第四章精馏塔主题尺寸的计算...................................194.1精馏段与提馏段的汽液体积流量...........................194.1.1精馏段的汽液体积流量.............................194.1.2提馏段的汽液体积流量.............................224.2塔径的计算.............................................234.3塔高的计算.............................................254.4塔板结构尺寸的确定.....................................264.4.1溢流装置.........................................264.4.2降液管...........................................274.4.3塔板布置.........................................28第五章塔板的流体力学验算......................................305.1气体通过塔板的压力降hp................................305.1.1干板阻力hd......................................305.1.2板上充气液层阻力hl...............................305.1.3由表面张力引起的阻力hσ..........................315.2液面落差...............................................315.3液沫夹带(雾沫夹带)...................................315.4漏液...................................................325.5液泛...................................................32第六章塔板负荷性能图..........................................336.1精馏段塔板负荷性能图...................................336.1.1漏液线...........................................336.1.2液沫夹带线.......................................336.1.3液相负荷下限线...................................346.1.4液相负荷上限线...................................346.1.5液泛线...........................................346.2提馏段塔板负荷性能图...................................356.2.1漏液线...........................................35化工原理课程设计3/446.1.2液沫夹带线.......................................356.1.3液相负荷下限线...................................366.1.4液相负荷上限线...................................366.1.5液泛线...........................................36第七章接管尺寸的确定及选型...................................387.1进料管尺寸的确定及选型.................................387.2釜液出口管尺寸的确定及选型.............................387.3回流管尺寸的确定及选型.................................387.4塔顶蒸汽出口径及选型...................................397.5水蒸汽进口管口径及选型.................................39第八章精馏塔的主要附属设备....................................408.1冷凝器.................................................408.1.1冷凝器的选择.....................................408.1.2冷凝器的传热面积和冷却水的消耗量.................408.2预热器.................................................418.3泵的选用...............................................41设计结果一览表.................................................42设计小结.......................................................43参考文献.......................................................44化工原理课程设计4/44摘要筛板塔是化工生产中主要的气液传质设备,此设计针对乙醇-水的精馏问题进行分析、选取、计算、核算、绘图等,是较完整的精馏设计过程。通过对精馏塔的运算,可以得出精馏塔的各种设计如塔的工艺流程、生产操作条件及物性参数是否合理,以保证精馏过程的顺利进行并使效率尽可能的提高。关键词:筛板塔,精馏段,提馏段,乙醇,水AbstractThesievetraytowerisonekindofmaingas-liduidmasstransferequipmentinChemicalproduction.Thisdesignforethanol-waterdistillationanalysisoftheproblem,selection,calculation,accounting,graphics,etc,isamorecompletedistillationdesignprocess.Throughthecalculationofsievetraytower,wecangetvariousdesignsofsievetraytower,suchastowerprocess,productionoperatingconditionsandphysicalparametersisreasonabletoensurethesmoothprogressofdistillationprocessandtoimproveefficiencyasmuchaspossible.Keywords:sievetraytower,rectifyingsection,strippingsection,ethanol,water化工原理课程设计5/44前言乙醇在工业、医药、民用等方面,都有很广泛的应用,是很重要的一种原料。在很多方面,要求乙醇有不同的纯度,有时要求纯度很高,甚至是无水乙醇,这是很有困难的,因为乙醇极具挥发性,也极具溶解性,所以,想要得到高纯度的乙醇很困难。要想把低纯度的乙醇水溶液提升到高纯度,可采用连续精馏的方法,因为乙醇和水的挥发度相差较大。精馏是传质分离过程,即同时进行多次部分汽化和部分冷凝的过程,可使混合液得到几乎完全的分离。化工厂中精馏操作是在直立圆形的精馏塔内进行的,塔内装有若干层塔板或充填一定高度的填料。为实现精馏分离操作,必须从塔底引入上升蒸汽流和从塔顶引入下降液。可见,单有精馏塔主体还不能完成精馏操作,还必须有塔底再
本文标题:乙醇-水连续板式精馏塔的设计
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