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Unit3UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageUnrealconditionals(thesubjunctivemood)虚拟语气观察下列两个句子，根据体会说出它们的差异：1.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotclimbthemountain.2.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotclimbthemountain.realconditionalunrealconditionalthesubjunctivemood虚拟语气(theSubjunctiveMood)是用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是主观愿望、假设、建议、推测、纯粹的空想等。语气（mood）也是动词的一种形式变化。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度，而且，在谓语动词上有所体现，语气可分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。Introduction例1：Thesedoggiesaresleepingverysoundly.（陈述语气）例2：Stoplaughing!（祈使语气）Ifyoukeptbeatingmelikethis,Iwouldtellyourteacher.例3：（虚拟语气）虚拟语气的用法：虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中的情况较复杂,所以要特别加以注意。首先，要判断一下是否该用虚拟语气,因为条件句有两种,一种是真实条件句,一种是非真实条件句,只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气,在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。如果条件句假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说几乎没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表达,也就是说,此时的条件句是非真实条件句。非真实条件句的谓语动词形式：与现在事实相反的条件句的结构：条件句：过去时（be动词用were）主句：would/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldgoatonce.IfIgotthechance,Iwouldwanttobealawyer.例如：注意:在非正式表述或口语中，ifI/he/she/it之后,可用was代替were。两者在意义上没有区别，但是were更为正式，特别是在表述心存怀疑的事情时：IfLucywereready,wewouldstart.假如露西准备好了，我们就出发。与过去事实相反的条件句的结构：Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.Iftheboyhadgotupearlier,hewouldhavecaughtthebus.条件句：过去完成时haddone主句：would/could/might+havedone与将来事实相反的条件句的结构：条件句：If…was/were/did…主句：…would/could/mightdoIfitweresunnytomorrow,wewouldgocamping.IfIwerefreenextSunday,Iwouldcertainlygotoyourparty.注意:在与将来事实可能相反的条件句中,谓语动词还可用wereto或should+do来表示,如:IfIweretofailmydrivingtest,Iwouldhavetotakeitagainnextmonth.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtalktohimaboutit.If从句主句与现在事实相反谓语动词用--谓语动词用--与过去事实相反谓语动词用--谓语动词用--与将来事实相反谓语动词用--谓语动词用--1)did2)be动词用wereshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+have+done1)did/were2)shoulddo3)weretodohad+doneSummary注意：1.除了if外，还要关注其它几个连词，suppose,supposing,（假如），provided,providing,(如果），Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.2.用在lest(以免，免得），forfearthat（唯恐）和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用（should）+动词原形1）Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.2）Theboyhidhimselfbehindthedoorforfearthat/incasehisfather(should)seehim.3)Takeyourraincoatincase/lestit(should)rain.Practice完成凤凰学案p66自主学习A.非真实条件句的省略与倒装：在非真实条件句中,如果有were,had,should,我们可以将if省略,把这些词置于从句的句首,形成倒装,如:IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher.=ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.(从句在前）IwouldtellhershouldImeether.(从句在后）IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.=WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.Iftheyhadmadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.=Hadtheymadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.Theywouldhavesucceededhadtheymadepreparations如果虚拟条件句中没有were,had和should则不能省略if,当然也不能倒装。注意：Practice1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we______allrightnow.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe2.Ifhe_____metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableAA3.___today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves4.Ifit____thisafternoon,theEnglishpartywouldberuined.A.rainsB.rainedC.willrainD.wasrainingCB5.Ifyouhadrungusyesterday,wewould______youthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.tellB.havetoldC.hadtoldD.betellingB高考链接：Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble___theschedule.(2015江苏高考）A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown1.ItmighthavesavedmesometroubleifIhadknowntheschedule.2.IfIhadknowntheschedule,itmighthavesavedmesometrouble.———theschedule,itmighthavesavedmesometrouble.(此题考察虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，省略if,用部分倒装，但难点是if从句放在主句后面，看起来不习惯，有点别扭）D虚拟语气考点总结：虚拟语气考查的方式是根据时间正确选用符合条件的动词形式。1）考查主句时，从句会给出时间暗示。2）考查从句时，主句会给出时间暗示。3）主句和从句同时考查时，则会另附一句时间暗示。总之，根据线索正确判断时间是做好虚拟语气题目的前提。本节课总结：今天我们主要学习了以下三个内容1.辨别连词if引导的真实性条件句和非真实性条件句。2.掌握虚拟语气在if从句中表示与三种事实相反的用法。（特别是主，从句谓语动词用什么形式）3.省略if,助动词were,should,had放在句首形成部分倒装的用法。（注意if在主句前，后位置的灵活性）•Practice:1.完成凤凰学案P66B部分（填空）2.完成凤凰学案P68巩固提升填空和单项选择Homework1.Practiseusingwhatwehavelearntinthisperiod.2.Finishtheexercisesintheworkbook.3.Preview‘Task’.