A Contrastive Study of Chinese and English Greetin

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AContrastiveStudyofChineseandEnglishGreeting[Abstract]Languageisthemediumforhumancommunication.Greeting,asacomponentoflanguage,playsamostimportantroleinthecommunication.Itisonekindofspeechactthatfrequentlyoccursineverydaylife.Greetingsarewordsusedtostartaneverydaycommunicativeinteractionoracknowledgeofthepresenceofother.Therefore,propergreetingbehavioriscrucialforthefoundationandmaintenanceofinterpersonalrelationships.However,sinceChinaistotallydifferentfromtheWesterncountriesbothinitshistoryanditsculture,itisundoubtedlythatgreeting,whichiscloselyrelatedtoitsculture,willbequitedifferentfromthatintheWesterncountries.Misusingthegreetingmayeasilyleadtomisunderstandingintheinterculturalcommunication.Therefore,toacknowledgethedifferencesexistinginthegreetingisthefirststeptoachievemutualunderstandingandrespect.Thispaper,withsomerelatedtheoriespresented,aimsatmakingacontrastivestudyofgreetingsinEnglishandinChina.Someresearchesarealsodonewiththegreetingonitslevel,itsfunctionsandtheelementsinfluencingit.[KeyWords]greeting;English;Chinese;culturaldifferences;cross-culturalcommunication英汉问候语对比研究【摘要】语言是人们进行交流的媒介。问候语是语言的一个组成部分,也是社交礼仪的重要部分;它是日常生活中频繁使用的言语行为之一,具有建立和延续各种人际关系的作用。在日常交际中,适当的问候举止是建立和维持人与人之间关系的关键。然而,由于中国的历史背景和文化背景与西方国家有着相当大的差异,存在于文化之中的问候语也随之有着相当大的差异。这种差异在跨文化交际中很容易引起误解。因此,为促进不同语言和文化背景下人们的相互沟通,有必要深入了解中西文化中问候语的差异。本文通过对中西方文化背景中一些典型问候语的对比研究,阐述了两种文化中关于问候语的相关理论,在层次、功能、根源等方面对问候语进行研究。【关键词】问候语;英语;汉语;文化差异;跨文化交际ContentsAbstract……………………………………………………………….……………..I摘要….……………………….………………………….……………………………II1.Introduction…………………...……………………………………………..…….12.VarietiesofChineseandEnglishgreetings……………………….……………...22.1Greetingsclassifiedaccordingtotime…………………….…...………………….22.2Greetingsclassifiedaccordingtoformality…………………………....………….23.DifferencesinChineseandEnglishgreetings..........…………..………...............23.1Differenceincontents……….………………………………………………..…...23.2Differenceinsemantics………….………………………………………………...53.3Differenceinsyntax………………….………………………………...………….54.TheoriesrelatedtogreetingsinEnglishcultureandChineseculture…………54.1PolitenessTheoriesinEnglishculture………….…………………………………64.1.1Leech’sPolitenessPrinciple…………………...………………………………...64.1.2BrownandLevinson’sFaceTheory……………………….……………………64.2GuYueguo’sTheoryinChineseculture…………………………………………..75.Threelevelsofgreetings…………………………………...…………….………..76.Thefunctionofgreetings............……………………................................….........96.1Greetingsascommunicationfunction….……………….…………………………96.2Greetingsaslinguisticroutinesofpolitenessfunction…………………………..96.3Greetingsasillocutionaryacts…….……………………………………………..107.TheinfluenceofphilosophicalsourcesonChineseandEnglishgreetings….117.1TheprincipleoftheWest—equalityandhumanrights….…………..…………..117.2ThekeyprinciplesofConfucianism………………….…….……………………128.Conclusion.................................................…………...………..............................13Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….151.IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofsocietyandculture,communicationsbetweenpeoplebecomemoreandmoreimportant.WhenChinaimplementeditsreformandopeninguppolicy,especiallyafterChinaenteredWTO,communicationwithothercountrieshasbecomemoreimportant.However,peopleindifferentcountriesholddifferentbeliefsandvalues,whichresultinmisunderstanding.Inordertoavoidtheembarrassment,weshouldknowthecross-culturalcommunicationgreeting.Greetingsareimportant,becausetheyfrequentlyoccurineverydaysocialinteractionsallovertheworld.Propergreetingbehavioriscrucialforthefoundationandmaintenanceofinterpersonalrelationships.Greetingsarewordsusedtostartaneverydaycommunicativeinteractionoracknowledgeofthepresenceofothers.Asaneverydaypracticethatisroutinizedandhappensatverylowlevelsofawarenessininteractions,greetingisseeminglyaspontaneousreactiontotheencounteringofpeople.Itissuchaquick,simple,andconventionalizedepisodeofcommunicationthatpeopleusuallygivenothoughttowhathappensduringthosefewsecondsofinteraction.Beingpartofaculturethatisveryoftenseenineverydaylife,suchpracticesareimportantinunderstandingthestructureandtheessenceofasocietyandculture.Thestudyofgreetingsisimportantinthefollowingthreeaspects.First,atheoreticalstudyofgreetingasaneverydaypracticecanhelppeopletorealizethatgreetingsineverydaylifeareimportantfortheunderstandingofacultureandsociety.Althoughaseeminglyminorepisodeofinteraction,greetinghasanimportantfunctioninthemanagementofhumanrelations.Itisbymeansofgreetingthatfriendsacknowledge,confirm,andstrengthentheirfriendship.Whileperforminggreetingrituals,interactantssignaltoeachothertheirrespectivesocialstatus,theirdegreesoffamiliarity,andtherolestheywillplayinthecomingencounter.Astudyofgreetingsthuscontributesmuchtounderstandingthestructureoftheinterpersonalrelationshipinagivensocialcommunity.Second,thestudyofgreetingshelpstodevelopasituationalapproachtowardsthestudyofcross-culturalcommunication.Generallyspeaking,greetingisaroutinizedsituationalframetransmittedinagivensocialculturalcommunity.Likemanyotherframessuchasapologizing,complimenting,etc.,greetingisoneoftheculturalblocks,whichvariescross-cul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