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ArchitectureofAncientChinaTheGeomancyofAncientChina•FengshuiistheancientChineseartofgeomancy.风水是中国古代一种占卜的术数。•EarlyintheQinhadwithhomeactivities.Ontheonehandisrelativetolivingaccommodation,ontheotherhandisthecemetery(墓地)withthedead.Book-Zhaoimperialorder“(尚书-召诏序)says:“IntoKingFung,wanttohouse-up,socallfirstphaseofpublichouse.(成王在丰，欲宅邑，使召公先相宅.)TheoriginsofFengShuiBuilding•Thisisrelativetothemansion.“BookofFilial（孝顺的）Piety（虔诚的行为或语言）-bereavement”“Butrillionwhilethehouseistheirhouse,”whichisrelativetotheAmityvilleHorror.（《孝经-丧亲》“卜其宅兆而厝也”这是相阴宅）Thisisthewaytofixauseddivination（预测，占卜）place.FengshuiArchitectureandNaturalPhilosophy•FengShuiisnotasimplescientificorsuperstitioustosaytodivideanddefine,itisfarbeyondthisrange,becauseFengShuiisthousandsofyearsofaccumulatedwisdomandculturalsurvivalgenes,itisbothamajorproblem,butalsoadoorgreatart,weshouldbeanobjectiveandtolerantmoodtolookatit,ifsimplytofengshuiinthedebateonscienceandsuperstition,then,thisunderstandingissuperficial,thereasonisclear,FengShuiisscience,butalsobeyondscience,itisessentiallyanaturalphilosophy.SunYat-senremindpeopletousethissenseofbalancetolookatthefengshui.BuildingFengShuiroleinmodernsociety•BuildingFengShuistudyisoneoftheChinathreepillarsofthetheoryofancientarchitecture,moderninitsdevelopmentofmodernarchitecturebasedonfengshuitheory-timeandspaceenvironmentalstudies,moreandmorepeopleareawareoftraditionalfengshuitheoryandtakeapplicationofitsessence.ChineseFengShuicontainstheecologicalbeautyofancientarchitecture•NodoubtthattheancientChineseconceptoffengshuimysteryshroudedintheveiloffeudalsuperstition,butwhenweunplugthislayerofmysterytopeopleandtherelationshipbetweentheaestheticenvironmenttore-examineit,thenfoundarareecologicalimplication.FengShuiandArchitecture•FengShuiistheculture?Science?Technology?Superstition?•FengShuiisaChineseancientarchitectureactivities,guidingprinciplesandpracticaltechnique.•FengShuiisthesouloftraditionalChinesearchitecture.FengShuiwithChinaandChinatocreateaschoolgarden,etc.constitutethethreepillarsoftheancientarchitecturaltheory.•FengShuiisactuallygeography,meteorology,ecology,planningandarchitectureofanintegratednaturalscience.Itisabouttruth,number,gas,shapeofthetheoreticalsystem,thesystemcomplywiththefollowingrules:•Lawsofnature•Valuethanthenatural•Naturalatmosphere•Naturalshape•FengShuiisanart,itisthroughthearrangementofthings,frombuildingthefoundationtotheinteriorinanattempttoplacewithinacertainmomentumplusimpact.Ithelpspeopleusetheearth'snaturalforces,theuseofthebalanceofyinandyang,goodlucktogetgas,soastopromotehealth,increasevitality.TheBuildingStructureofAncientChinaArchitectureandChineseBeliefsThedragonwasthetotem（图腾）oftheancientChinesepeople.Chinesefolkbeliefsarebasedlargelyontheworship（崇拜）ofvariousaspectsofNature,particularlytheheaven,earth,sun,andmoon.TheTempleofHeavenThehumandesireforgoodfortuneandlongevity(长寿）findsexpressioninChinesearchitecture.TheChinesecharactersfor“bat（蝙蝠）”and“goodfortune”（福）arehomonyms（同音词）.Peachesareametaphor（象征）forlongevity.TheSummerPalaceThephrase“manyseeds”and“manysons”arehomonymsinChinese.Pomegranates(石榴）andgourds(葫芦）,bothofwhichhavemanyseeds,werethereforeoftenusedasdecorationsinChinesedesireformanysons.Theserepresentthefusion（融合）ofChinesecultureandthepursuitofhappiness.MostancientbuildingsfoundintheWestarestonestructures.Incomparison,ancientChinesebuildingsaremostlyofawoodenframestructure.ConfucianisminArchitectureConfucianism(儒学）hashadagreatinfluenceonChineseculturewithitsvaluespermeating（渗透)thelife,thinking,andcustomsoftheChinesepeople.Traditionalcourtyardresidences（四合院）werestronglyinfluencedbytheConfucianism,whichdrawsstrictdistinctionsbetweeninteriorandexterior,superiorandinferior,andmaleandfemale.Traditionalcourtyardresidences（四合院）BuddhisminArchitectureBuddhism佛教Thepagoda（佛塔）isbuiltinanoddnumberofstorey.Seven-storeyandnine-storeypagodasarecommon.Theshapeofthecross-sectionisrectangular（长方形的）,eight-sidedorevencircular（圆形的）.ThearchitecturalstylesofBuddhisttemplesinChinaweremainlyformedinthreeperiods:theHanDynasty,theNorthernandSouthernDynasties,andtheTangDynasty.HanDynastyNorthernandSouthernDynastyTangDynastyNumbersinArchitectureSincenineisthelargestoddnumberunderten,itwasregardedastheextremelyluckynumber.Forthisreason,thenumber“nine”oritsmultiples（倍数）isoftenemployedinpalacestructuresanddesigns.Inadditiontothenumber“nine”,Chinesehasalsotwoothernumbersthatareadesiredadditiontolicenseplateortelephonenumbers:ThemostunfortunatenumberintheChinesecultureisthenumbersixandeight.four.classificationsofChinesearchitecture亭ting(Chinesepavilions)廊lang(CoveredCorridor)阁ge(Two-storypavilions)轩xuan(Verandas走廊withwindows)榭xie(Pavilionsorhousesonterraces)藻井(Caissondomedorcofferedceiling)TheBuildingMaterialofAncientChinaMaterialandhistory•Modelsofwatchtowers（岗楼，瞭望塔）andotherbuildingsmadeduringtheEasternHanDynasty(AD25–220);whilethesemodelsweremadeofceramics（陶瓷材料）,therealversions（版本，形式）weremadeofeasilyperishable（易腐烂的）woodandhavenotsurvived.•Unlikeotherbuildingconstructionmaterials,oldwoodenstructuresof