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语法精讲强化系列7.定语从句考点15组易混关系代词的用法辨析★★★★★1.只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。*Allthatyouneedtodoisfocusononething.(2)先行词被theonly,any,few,no,very等修饰时。*Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。*ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.(4)先行词为人、物并用时。*Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(6)先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。*Shandongisnolongertheprovincethatitusedtobe.2.只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。*IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。*Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichtheyneverhadtimetodowhileworking.(3)先行词为that/those时。*What’sthatwhichwasputinthecar?(4)which用作定语时。*Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.3.thesame...as与thesame...thatthesame...as表示相似或同类的东西;thesame...that表示同一人或物①Thisisthesamebookashelentmelastweek.这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。②Thisisthesamebookthathelentmelastweek.这是他上星期借给我的那本书。4.such/so...as与such/so...thatsuch/so...as(定语从句)像……那样;such/so...that(状语从句)如此……以至于①ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.②ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.5.as与which(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。①NeedforSpeedisaverysuccessfulfilm,asisknowntoall.②Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空(2014·安徽高考)TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.解题关键:本题先行词为year,考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时,用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词,故从句中缺少宾语,关系词代替先行词作其宾语。答案判定:which/that【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空/改错1.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Maybeyouhaveahabit__________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.2.(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(改错)_____________that/whichthat改为which3.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Thecity’s“psychologycafes”,______offergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.4.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Trustisalearnedbehavior__________wegainfrompastexperiences.whichthat/which考点2关系代词who,whom,whose★★★★★1.who和whom的用法(1)先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时或表示人的名词时。*ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeformedicinein2015.(2)在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。*There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.(3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以避免重复。*Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.(4)当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom,whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。*Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.2.whose的用法whose指人或物,作定语,表示“……的”,可转换为“of+关系代词”,指人时可用ofwhom;指物时可用ofwhich。*Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestory/ofwhomthestoryshowsthemostimagination.【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。*Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空(2015·陕西高考)Asalesmanisnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforanappointment.解题关键:关系词代替先行词salesman在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系词who引导定语从句,表示“不能守时的销售者”。答案判定:who【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空1.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisyear,25,310students____haveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear.who2.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Students____takeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Students____entertheCuriosityChallengeandareselectedaswinnerswillbehonored.4.(2013·湖北高考)Mydeskmateisaneccentricboy______clothesneverfithim.whowhowhose考点3关系副词when,where,why★★★★1.when的用法先行词为“时间名词”,可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。*Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.2.where的用法(1)先行词是“地点名词”,定语从句可用where引导,where在从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。*(2013·天津高考)Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.(2)如果定语从句修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。*Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.3.why的用法先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,可以用why引导定语从句,why在定语从句中作原因状语,可用forwhich替代。可以把此时的句子牢记为一个固定句型,即Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...,意为“……的原因是……”。*Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.【点津】(1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则:在选择关系词时,最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,必须用关系代词;若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,必须用关系副词。*Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(关系词在从句中作宾语)*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenmyfatherreturnedfromAmerica.(关系词在从句中作状语)(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词,且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或inwhich引导,也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语,要用that或which引导,也可以省略关系词。*Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstohismother.【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空(2015·广东高考)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket_________peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.解题关键:wherepeoplefromthetownsmetregularly是定语从句,修饰先行词market,where在定语从句中作状语。答案判定:where【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空1.(2015·湖北高考)Thereason____theponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyarea.2.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Thehardwoodforests______passengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood.whywhere3.(2013·山东高考)Whilewaitingforabustotheoffice______hewassupposedtobeinterviewed,hesawanelderlyman.4.(2013·辽宁高考)A