高考短文改错知识点总结

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短文改错考情分析:1.词类用法:考查不同词类的不同用法,与语法填空中的词性转换考点相同。2.辨析:只考many与much,here与there,some与any,ago与before等十分常见的词之间的混用,这些词是稍有语感、不讲自会的,千万别走入过去凡遇近义词必辨的误区。3.其他:指不便归于某一语法项目的考点。2014课标卷I——somewhere→everywhere2014课标卷II——They→There(therebe句型写成theybe)2014大纲卷——shouldableto→shouldbeableto(漏掉be,因able是形容词,不能作谓语,加be)2013课标卷I——remember…much→remember…well/clearly(习惯修饰语,记得清楚,而非记得非常。)2013课标卷II——wasdrank→wasdrunk(过去分词拼写错误)2013大纲卷——stand→standup(漏掉up)2012课标卷——dowrong→gowrong(可列到辨析类)2012大纲卷I——cutoff→cutdown(语境意义)2011大纲卷I——thinkover→thinkof(语境意义)2011大纲卷II——so+adj.+that…写成somuch+adj.+that…(如此……以致……);morethanhappy写成了betterthanhappy(非常高兴)命题特点⑴用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生活非常贴近,好像就是学生的习作。⑵长度均在100词左右。⑶这些材料都是记叙文。⑷新课标卷的设题通常是:1处多1个词,1处少1个词,8处错1个词。5.要求考生添加或删除的词通常是虚词。⑴少了一个词,要求添加的词有:①冠词:incountryside→inthecountryside(2015课标I)Asresult→Asaresult(2014课标I)②介词:listeningmusic→listeningtomusic(2014课标II)③连词:Hehad…,hewas…→Hehad…,andhewas(2013课标I)④不定式符号:cameseeme→cametoseeme(2007课标)⑤物主代词:Tomsawparents→Tomsawhisparents(2015课标II)⑵多了一个词,要求删除的词有:介词、冠词、连词、助动词、不定式符号to。①冠词:Inafact→Infact(2013课标I)allkindsoftheflowers→allkindsofflowers(2014课标II)②介词:helenttomelotsofclothes→helentmelotsofclothes(2011课标)③连词:Although…but→Although(2014课标I)④不定式符号:hadbettertostop→hadbetterstop(2009课标)⑤助动词:hasbrought→brought(2010课标)Lotsofstudieshavebeenshown→Lotsofstudieshaveshown(2015课标I)⑥副词:soverymuchthat→somuchthat(2015课标II)⑹需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。⑺所有考点都是最基本的语法知识、最常用的单词和短语的意义与用法,以及逻辑意义的连贯。没有超出中学课本中讲的语法内容。即只要掌握课本中讲的语法就足以应对考试了。短文改错与语法填空的异同:相同:主要考点基本相同。⑴名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词。⑵时态一致、主谓一致、非谓语动词、词类用法、比较等级。以上两个方面分别对应语法填空的纯空格题和给词题。备考内容:主要从以下十个方面入手。考点1:名词的数与格⑴在several,few,many,oneof,acoupleof,three,oneandahalf,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等词语后,或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们,本应接复数可数名词的,但文中却用了单数。如:Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourand…(hour→hours)[2014课标II]⑵像advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage,luggage,jewellery,clothing等绝对不可数名词是没有复数形式的,但在文中却用了复数。如:Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.(luggages→luggage)[2011课标]⑶本应用名词的所有格的,但文中没有用。如:WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.(myfriend→myfriend’s)[2011课标]考点2:指代一致⑴上下文的人称不一致。如:Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.(them→us)[2011大纲]⑵上下文的单复数不一致。如:…bothofthemhavesimilarideas…Otherwise,itisimpossibleforhimtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiplastlong.(him→them)[2014大纲]⑶上下文的性别不一致。如:Beforeherleaving,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.Shesaid…(him→her)[2010大纲]⑷人称代词格的误用。如:LiMing’sparentsinvitedItospendtwowonderfulweeksinQingdaowiththem…(I→me)[2007课标]⑸人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的错用。如:Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothers…(从句主语which是指thevoice,这种声音使“他”与别人分离,故改himself为him)[2013课标I]考点3:冠词⑴基本用法:单数可数名词前,表示“一个/段/座/本”等时要用a或an;表示特指时用the。如:Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedforlongtime.(longtime→alongtime)[2010大纲]Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydon’thaveenoughwater.Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshould…(a→the,特指上文提到缺少“这个”问题)[2012大纲]SowhenIhavetheproblem,Iwillturntoherforhelp.(the→a)[2013大纲]⑵固定短语中多用或少用冠词。如:Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesaway…(Inafact→Infact)[2013课标I]Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(Asresult→Asaresult)[2014课标]考点4:介词⑴常用介词的错用。如:Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.(timeforsth.做某事的时间)[2014课标II]⑵固定词组中的介词误用。如:…andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes…(withthehelpof在……的帮助下)[2014课标I]⑶固定词组中的介词漏用。如:(拓展)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.(listento听)[2014课标II]考点5:连词⑴although/though/while不与but连用;since/as/because不与so连用。如:Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydisease…(去掉but或改为yet)[2014课标I]⑵and与but用混。这是考得最多的微考点。如:Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnfromoneanother,butthemorepleasurewecansharetogether.(but→and,前后没有转折关系)[2014大纲]⑶and与or。AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.(or→and)[2010大纲]What’smore,wecangotoworkbybikeonceandtwiceaweek…(and→or)[2012大纲]⑷so与or。Wewerewarnednottocheatagainsoshewouldneedtoseeourparents.(so因此→or否则)[2013四川]⑸after与before。Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour,Iwasbeginningtogetimpatient.(Before→After逻辑)[2013陕西]⑹which与what。Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.(which→what所……的)[2013辽宁]⑺多用或少用连词。如:Withlittlesleepandhardlyanybreak,soheworksfrommorningtillnight.(去掉so)[2013辽宁]Soiftheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.(if后加what)[2010大纲]⑻错用that引导非限制性定语从句。如:Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(that→which)[2013课标II]考点6:时态一致⑴上下文的谓语动词都是过去时,突然出现一个现在时。如:Sheusedtoholdme…Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.(passes→passed)[2013课标I]⑵上下文的谓语动词都是现在时,突然出现一个过去时。如:Sincethen,wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asaresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(had→has)[2014课标I]此外,无论是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,都要注意在平行结构中,动词形式的一致性,即“平行一致”。如在AandB或A,BandC中,A,B,C的形式要一致。如:…bothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrustingeachother(trusting→trust)[2014大纲]考点7:主谓一致⑴行为动词:主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词的一般现在时,其后加s。如:Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.(look→looks,主语是Mydreamschool)[2014课标II]⑵have动词:主语是第三人称单数时,have的现在时(一般现在时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时)用has。主语不是第三人称单数时,现在时用have,过去时用had。LiMing,togetherwithhisparents,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