武大分子生物学课件CHAPTER 1-5

WelcomeEachofYoutoMyMolecularBiologyClassMolecularBiologyoftheGene,5/E---Watsonetal.(2004)PartI:ChemistryandGeneticsPartII:MaintenanceoftheGenomePartIII:ExpressionoftheGenomePartIV:RegulationPartV:Methods3/01/05Question:WhyWatsonetal.wanttotellussomestoriesaboutgeneticsandchemistrybeforewestartthemolecularbiology?3/01/05ChemistryandGeneticsCh1:TheMendelianViewoftheWorldCh2:NucleicAcidsconveygeneticinformationCh3:TheimportanceofweakchemicalinteractionsCh4:Theimportanceofhigh-energybondsCh5:Weakandstrongbondsdeterminemacromolecularstructure3/01/05Chapter1:TheMendelianViewoftheWorldToexplainhowthegenetictraitsaretransferredfromtheparentstotheoffspringsTwo+onepersontellusonebigstory3/01/05TwoimportantlessonstolearnfromMendel’sdiscovery1.Theattitudetoscience:interestedindiscoveringthewondersofthenature(laws,mechanisms)2.Theprincipletoconductscience:usingsimplemodelstounderstandthecomplicateorunknownstory3/01/05DiscussionWhyMendelianismandDarwinismconflictedinitially,howtheconflictwasresolved?(P15-16)3/01/05Chapter2:NucleicAcidsconveygeneticinformationThestories/effortsledtothefundamentalknowledgeoflife,whichopenaneweraofmodernbiology3/04/05Ch2NucleicAcidsconveygeneticinformationAvery’sBombshell(1944):DNAcancarrygeneticspecificity3/04/05TheDoubleHelix(1953)ThegeneticinformationwithinDNAisconveyedbythesequenceofitsfournucleotidebuildingblocksEstablishingthedirectionofproteinsynthesisTheCentralDogma(1956)TheEraofGenomics(2000)Avery’sBombshell(1944):DNAcancarrygeneticspecificityAstorywrittenfor26yearsThinking1:whatdoyoulearnfromtheeffortsofGeorgeW.BeadleandEdwardTatum(1940s),FrederickGriffith(1928),OswardT.Avery(1940s)1928byFrederickGriffith1944byOswardT.AveryThinking2:WhyAverymademorerecognizablecontributiontothefieldthandidGriffith?TheDoubleHelix(1953)ThefoundationofmolecularbiologyFrancisH.CrickJamesD.WatsonThinking3:whatledtothesuccessofWatsonandCrick?TheCentralDogma(1953-1956)Settingtheplatformformolecularbiologyonlytakes0.5yearor3.5yearsExcitingdaysofbiologistsDNARNAProteinReplicationTranscriptionTranslationTherevisedcentraldogmaGeneExpressionThepurposeofMolecularBiologyofthegenesistoprovideafirmfoundationforunderstandinghowDNAfunctionsasthetemplateforbiologicalcomplexity.3/04/05Ch2NucleicAcidsconveygeneticinformationRemember:thisbookislivingintheageoftheCentralDogmainunderstandinglife,post-genomicerawillcertainlytellusamoreexcitinganddifferentstoryoflifePart2,MaintenanceoftheGenome,describesthestructureofthegeneticmaterialanditsfaithfulduplication.Part3,ExpressionoftheGenome,showshowthegeneticinstructionscontainedinDNAisconvertedintoproteinsPart4,Regulation,describesstrategiesfordifferentialgeneactivitythatareusedtogeneratecomplexitywithintheorganismsanddiversityamongorganisms3/04/05Part5,Methods,describesvariouslaboratorytechniques,bioinformaticsapproaches,andmodelsystemsthatarecommonlyusedtoinvestigatebiologicalproblem.3/04/05Chapter3:TheimportanceofweakchemicalinteractionsWeakbondsindeedarevitalforlife,partlybecausetheycanformandbreakunderthephysiologicalconditionspresentwithcells.(Dynamicsisimportant)3/04/05Pages45-53areimportanttoread3/04/05ListthereasonsmakingweakbondvitalforlifeChapter5:Weakandstrongbondsdeterminemacromolecularstructure3/04/05Ch5:WeakandstrongbondsdeterminemacromolecularstructureHigher-orderstructuresaredeterminedbyintra-andintermolecularinteractionsThespecificconformationofaproteinresultsfromitspatternofhydrogenbondsMostproteinsaremodular,containingtwoorthreedomainsWeakbondscorrectlypositionproteinsalongDNAandRNAmoleculesAllostery:Regulationofaprotein’sfunctionbychangingitsshape3/04/05