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Unit1Greatscientists-----ByJoyceAlexanderBellelectricityThomasEdisontheFirsttelephoneWrightBrotherstheelectricLampMadameCurieblackholesinUniverseFranklinTheoryofGravityStevenHawkingtheFirstPlaneElbertEinsteinRadiumIsaacNewtontheTheoryofRelativityScientists&Contributions:Unit1GreatScientistsDoyouknowthegreatscientists?1.Whoinventedthefirstmodernsteamengine?JamesWatt(瓦特)2.Whodiscoveredradium?MadameCurie3.Whoistheinventorofelectriclightbulb(电灯)?ThomasEdison4.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?ZhangHeng5.Whoisthefatherofsuperhybridrice?YuanLongping6.Doyouknowwhodefeated“KingCholera”?JohnSnow1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?Archimedes(287-212BC)anancientGreekmathematician&physicist)2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?CharlesDarwin(1808-1882)BritishauthorofTheOriginofSpecies“fatherofmodernbiology”7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?LastSupperMonaLisaLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)Italianartist8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?SirHumphryDavy(1778-1829)BritishMiniatureMiner'sSafetyLamp10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?StephenHawking(1942--)aBritishastronomerJohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondonandhedefeated“KingCholera”.Doyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischolera?Itisakindofterriblediseasecausedbydrinkingdirtywateranditcausedalotofdeathsintheoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodefeat.Cholera:•Itbeginsinthestomachandaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.•Andthevictimsdiedveryquicklyfromalossofliquidafterseverevomiting(呕吐)anddiarrhoea(腹泻).?Thecausesofcholera?Thecorrectorpossibletheory?Collectdataonthosewherepeoplewereillanddied?Plotinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie?Analysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.?Findotherevidencestoconfirmhisconclusion?TheadviceofJohnSnowabouthowtosolvetheproblemSteps:What/How?1.Findaproblem2.Makeupaquestion3.Thinkofamethod4.collectresultsJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Whatcausescholera?Whichtheoryiscorrect?CollectinformationonthosewhowereillordiedandwheretheygottheirwaterMarkinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdied6.Repeatifnecessary7.Makeaconclusion5.AnalyseresultsAnalysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillnessFindotherevidencetomakesuretheconclusionThewateristoblame.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.CarefulReading:JohnSnowwasandoctorinLondonwhoQueenVictoriaasherpersonal.Hethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopletocholera.Thoughthecauseandtheofitwereunknown,hewantedtofacetheandsolvetheproblem.expertattendedphysicianexposedcurechallengeCarefulReading:1.Whatwerethetwotheoriesaboutthecauseofcholera?2.WhichdidJohnSnowwanttoprove?3.Whatwashismethodofdoingtheresearch?…multiplied……victims……absorb…Thesecondone.Togatherinformationintwoparticularstreets.CarefulReading:1.Whatdidhedowiththeresultsofhisenquiry?2.Whatvaluablecluedidhegetaboutthecauseofthedisease?3.Whatmightbethecause?Markedonamap…Manyofthedeaths……hadnodeaths.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblameforcholera.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet.deathPartofSnow’sCholeraMapCarefulReading:1.Whydidhetellpeopletoremovethehandlefromthepump?2.Whathappenedafterthehandlewasremoved?Sothat……sloweddownCarefulReading:1.Wheredidthewomanliveandwhatdidshehaddeliveredtoherhouseeveryday?2.Whatdidtheirdeathssuggest?3.WhatmeasuresdidJohnSnowtaketopreventthediseasefromspreading?AwayfromBroadStreetWaterfromthepumpThepollutedwatercarriedthevirus..suggestedthat…beexamined…wereinstructednottoexpose…to…drawaconclusionThinkofamethodCollectresultsMakeaquestionFindaproblemAnalysetheresultsFindsupportingevidence①③②④⑤⑥⑦Stagesinsettingoutanewscientificidea:DicussingJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Thepassageiswrittenasareportofanexperimentandthereare7steps:1.Findaproblem:(发现问题)2.Makeupaquestion:(形成研究主题)3.Thinkofamethod:(找出研究方法)4.Collectresults:(收集材料)5.Analyseresults:(分析材料)6.Repeatifnecessary:(必要时重新分析)7.Drawaconclusion:(得出结论)Readthepassageagainandfillintheblanks:JohnSnowwasawell-known____inLondoninthe___century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera____out,hebegantogatherinformation.He_____onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_____ofallwatersupplybe_______andnewmethodsof________withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing