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Unit1AlandofdiversityUsefulphrasesliveonbymeansofinprehistorictimesinadditiondiefromadiseasefightagainstgainone’sindependencedeclarewaronachieveone’sdreammakealifekeepup继续存在；继续生存借助…在史前时期此外，另外死于疾病对抗...获得独立向…宣战实现梦想习惯于新的生活方式、工作等坚持；维持；沿袭Languagepoints1.CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但是人口最多。(1)对人口提问用what,不用howmany或howmuch。What’sthepopulationofthecity?这个城市有多少人口？(2)population作主语时用单数，但前有分数、小数或百分数时，谓语动词用复数。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.中国人口比美国人口多。80%ofthepopulationarefarmers.百分之80的人口是农民。(3)人口的增加或减少用grow(increase)和fall(decrease);人口的多少用large和small修饰。Therehasbeenarapidincreaseinpopulationinthecityinthelastfewyears.过去几年这座城市人口增长很快。2.ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,…加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，…Italsohasthedistinctionofbeing…意思是Whatitisknownforis…前缀multi-是“多、多方面、多方想”的意思。如：multi-coloured(多色的),multi-racial(多种族的),multi-media(多媒体),multiparty(多党制),multi-purpose(多种用途)3.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.noonereallyknows是主句,exactlywhen…California是knows的宾语从句。whatwe…California是宾语从句,作介词in的宾语。4.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.1)sb./sth.islikelytodosth.某人/某物有可能做某事Itislikely/probable/possiblethat...有可能…Itispossibleforsb.todosth.....有可能做...2)辨析：likely,possible与probablepossible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。probable:句型为Itisprobablethat…possible:句型为It’spossible(forsb.)todosth./It’spossiblethat…likely的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。Ishelikelytowin?他有可能获胜吗？It’spossible,thoughnotprobable,thathewillcometomorrow.他明天可能来,但也不一定准来。5.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivalofEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.vi.受痛苦；受损害vt.遭受；忍受suffer辨析：suffer与sufferfromsuffer(vt.)和sufferfrom的区别：suffer指一般的损害、痛苦等等,其宾语为pain,loss,grief,insult,punishment,wrong,hardship,injustice,discouragement,disappointment,setback(挫折)，但sufferfrom表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。suffertheresult/heavylosses/injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤sufferfromheadache/illness/war/theflood遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争／洪水辨析：diefrom,dieofdieof死于疾病、饥饿等,多指内部原因。diefrom常用死于创伤、交通事故,多指外部未知原因。6.Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbyEuropeans.7.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.16世纪早期,西班牙士兵到达南美洲,这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。fightfor“为事业,自由,真理,权利等而斗争(战斗)”fightagainst(可用with)theenemy“为反对……而斗争”；接人和国家名词，意思是“与……战斗”fightwithsb.也可表示与某人并肩作战辨析:fightagainst,fightfor与fightwith8.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.1)句中Spanish前面有序数词限定成分，故其后用不定式定语形式。ShewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize.themajorityof后可用单数名词,也可用复数名词,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致。Themajorityofpeoplepreferpeacetowar.Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.9.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.1)remain用作不及物动词,意为“剩下、留下、呆在”,相当于stay。Whentheothershadgone,Joanremained(=stayed)tocleantheroom.stay通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开,暂时住在某地,尤指宾客逗留；而remain指别人已经走了,而某人仍在原地。1).Hestayedatthehotelforthreedays.2).Onlyafewleavesremained(=werestill)onthetree.3).TheSmithsremainedthereallthroughtheyear.4).Thesoldierswereorderedtoremainwheretheywere.注意:“呆在那里”可以说remain/staythere,但“呆在家里”只能stay(at)home。remain作连系动词,意为“一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”,后可接多种成分作表语。1)接名词作表语PeterbecameamanagerbutJohnremainedaworker.Theirmarriageremainsasecret.2)接形容词作表语Whatevergreatprogressyouhavemade,youshouldremainmodest.Theshopremainsopenuntil11atnight.3)接过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。如:Theyneverremainedsatisfiedwiththeirsuccesses.(表主语所处的状态)Theyremainedlockedintheroom.(已经发生的被动动作)4)接现在分词作表语,表示正在进行的主动动作。如:Theguestscamein,butsheremainedsittingatthedeskreading.(正在进行的主动动作)Theyremainedlistening.5)接不定式作表语,表示将来的动作。如:Thisremainstobeproved.(将来被动动作)Whetheritwilldousgoodremainstobeseen.6)接介词短语作表语IhaveremainedintouchwiththeGreensformorethan10years.Hehadtoremaininhospitaluntilhewasbetter.注意:①remain作名词时,表示“剩余物”,一般用其复数形式。如:Theremainsofamealcanbegiventoapig.TheyfoundsomeremainsoftheTangDynasty.②remaining是形容词,意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语;而left则只能作后置定语。如:Thereareonly5booksleft.Heboughtmeagiftwiththeremainingmoney.Revisingusefulstructures从句一律保持陈述句语序。主语从句Subjectclause宾语从句Objectclause表语从句Predicativeclause同位语从句Appositiveclause名词从句名词性从句基本结构:引导词+从句(陈述句语序)相当于一个名词成分,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。WhatIwanttodoistogohomeimmediately.IsaidthatIwanttogohomeimmediately.MyhopeisthatIwanttohomeimmediately.Thefactthattheearthgoesaroundthesunisacceptablenow.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）3.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。4.同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea,belief,fact,truth,problem,news等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明。注意:suggest,advise,order,command,insist,require,request等动词常接含虚拟语气的宾语从句:should+do。动词wish后的宾语从句也用虚拟语气。IwishIwereabird.IwishthatIhadmethimyesterday.Exercise1.Shereceivedthemessage___hewouldcomebyplane.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when2.Energyis___makesthingswork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that3.Ourcityhaschangedalot,andnowitisquitedifferentfrom__afewyearsago.A.whatitu