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专题三形容词、副词一、形容词、副词的基本用法一、复合形容词的构成1.副词+现在分词，如：hard-working勤劳的2.名词+过去分词，如：man-made人造的3.名词+现在分词，如：time-consuming耗时的4.名词+形容词，如：world-famous世界闻名的5.数词+名词，如：five-star五星的6.数词+名词-ed，如：three-legged三条腿的7.数词+名词+形容词，如：five-year-old5岁的8.形容词+过去分词，如：ready-made现成的9.形容词+名词-ed，如：kind-hearted好心的10.形容词+现在分词，如：ordingary-looking相貌一般的11.形容词+形容词，如：red-hot炽热的12.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，谓语动词用复数，如：thedead,theliving,therich,thepoor…练习：1.bravely-fighting____2.well-known____3.deep-set____4.fast-changing____5.snow-covered____6.energy-saving____7.grass-eating____8.snow-white____9.ten-year-old____10.four-storied/storeyed____二、形容词的位置一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前。但下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词后面。１.形容词作定语修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-和-body,-thing,-one等构成的复合不定词时，需后置。如：Thereisnobodyabsenttoday.Isthereanythingworngwithyourcar?2.以-able或-ble结尾的形容词可置于由形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名词后面。如：Thatistheonlysolutionpossible.3.成对的形容词可以后置。如：Therewasahugeroom,blueandred.三、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序当两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。常用的顺序为：限定词(these,those)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large,long,high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wooden)+用途(writing)+被修饰的名词(desk)。口诀：限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老；颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。练习：The___housesmellsasifithasn’tbeencleanedforyears.(white,wooden,little)英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义不同。常见的有：present(现在的/在场的),responsible(可依赖的/应负责的),concerned(忧心忡忡的/有关的),proper(适当的/正经的，正式的),involved(复杂难懂的/相关的),absent(心不在焉的/缺席的)。如：Thepresentmembers现在的成员Thememberspresent在场的成员Theresponsibleman可依赖的人Themanresponsible应负责的人Theconcernedteachers忧心忡忡的老师们Theteachersconcerned(与…事情)有关的老师们Theabsentstudents心不在焉的学生Thestudentsabsent缺席的学生四、副词enough的用法1.Enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。如：Studnetsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.Strangelyenough,somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.2.connot…enough=cannot/never…too…再…也不为过。如：---Mary,look,whatdidIfind?---Oh,mylostkey?Ican’tthankyoutoomuch.(=Ican’tthankyoumuchenough)练习：1.Treesaregoodforman.Wecan’tplantthem___many.A.soB.suchC.tooD.enough2.Inarelayrace,aplayercan’trunfast____.二、形容词、副词的比较等级一、平级比较１.用as…as…,not…as/so…as引导。如：HenryisaworkerasgoodasPeter.=HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter.注意：第一个as或so后面加形容词或副词。２.as+adj+as+数量词＝数量词+adj。如：Thebuildingisastallas100meters.=Thebuildingis100meterstall.练习：这口井有130米深Thewellis___130meters.Thewellis___130meters___.3.英语中有些看似是平级比较结构，实际上它们是一些习惯用语。如：aslongas只要，有…之久;asfaras就…而言;assoonas一…就;aswellas既…又;asgoodas;(=verynearly)与…几乎一样。如：IwillwordaslongasIlive.AsfarasIknow,heisareliableperson.Hehasexperienceaswellasknowledge练习：---Howfarapartdotheylive?---___Iknow,theyliveinthesameneighbourhood.A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.AswellasD.AsoftenasThemanwaslyingontheground,____dead.A.aspossibleasB.aswellasC.assoonasD.asgoodas二、比较级1.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes等。如：Thestudentsstudyevernharderthanbefore.2.“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越….，越….”。如：Themoreyoutalked,thelessattentionhepaidtoyou.3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…”。如：Thenewcityisbeconmingmoreandmorebeautiful.4.“the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词”表示“两个…中较…的”。如：Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.5.一个人的两种品质的比较，用more…than…结构，意为“与其…不如…”。如：---Annactsquiteunfriendly.---Ithinksheismoreshythanunfriendly.(moreshy不可变为shyer)6.比较的对象应该相同，如：TheclimatehereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.Theradiosmadeinourfactoryarebetterthanthose(made)inyourfactory.改错：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanJapan.ChinahasalargerpopulationthanthatofJapan.7.注意比较结构中的省力现象。比较结构中的省略现象给考生正确判断造成一定的障碍，在高考中出现频率较高，应引起足够的重视。如：---Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?---Ihaveneverseenabetterone.(后边省略了thanthefilm)Thepianosintheothershopwillbe__,but__.A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheap;notasbetterC.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgoodJohnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David,A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas8.貌似比较级的一些习惯用语。如：otherthan除了no…otherthan只有，正是InnocountryotherthanBritaincanoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.nomorethan(=only)仅仅morethan不仅仅Hibernationismorethansleep.ratherthan而不是Hepreferstostayathomeratherthangotothecinema.farmore(=very)非常，极其三、最高级１.最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,notquite,nothinglike。2.否定+比较级＝最高级。Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.Hehasneverspentanoreworryingday.三、常考易混点一、表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系(a)few;(the)fewest;several;(agood)many;a(great/large/small)numberof;hundredsof;dozensof;scoresof;thousandsof;abitof;(a)little;less;agreatdealof;alargeamountof;(the)least;muchall;alotof;lotsof;enough;plentyof;alargequantityof;largequantitiesof;more;most;some;any;massesof练习：Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook____picturesofthem.A.ManyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountof____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.A.ManyB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Agreatdealof二、下列形容词作定语时，通常不用“人”作主语。它们是：possible,impossible,probable,necessary,convenient,inconvenient。如：练习：判断正误1.Itisprobablethatitwillraintoday.2.Itisprobabletoraintoday.3.Itislikeytoraintoday.4.Tiisnotconvenienttoworkatweedends.5.Pleasecomhereifyouareconvenient.6.Youcangothereifitisnecessary.7.Youca