完形填空课件

▲中学生在做完形时存在的问题有以下三方面：1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，并以此为中心推理、判断。2.容易受思维定势的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境下知识的运用。3.对完形填空怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以致做题时处于应付状态，能力得不到提高。一、考查目的•重在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和词汇知识的综合运用能力，其中包含阅读理解能力、连贯思维能力、词语辨析能力、判断推理能力和跨文化交际能力等。二、2015年高考完形填空体裁•在2015年全国各省市20套英语高考试题中，其中完形填空为记叙文文体13篇，夹叙夹议文体4篇，说明文2篇，议论文1篇。由此可见，高考完形填空的体裁以记叙文及夹叙夹议的记叙文为主，文章故事性强，结构完整清晰、层次分明、并赋予一定教育意义。★三、完形填空设空特点1.通常从一篇250-300词左右的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空；纯粹的的语法题较少，根据上下文或全文考虑的题目占60%以上，2.考点层次四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突出文化。3.干扰项：设计严密，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用。四、解题步骤•1、细读文章首句尾句及中文注释的单词，打开答题窗口；•2、跳过空格，快读全文，把握中心大意。•3、瞻前顾后，上下求索，左顾右盼，先易后难。•4、再读文章，核查答案，做到结构正确、语义通顺、逻辑合理，脑海中的图像变得更清晰。五、解题方法•1、利用文中首句信息进行解题•例：Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall41（traditional）placesoflearning.•······•It57(struck)methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat58momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.（2015年新课标全国卷Ⅱ）•A.touchingB.thinkingC.encouragingD.learning2、利用语法知识进行解题•1)Icannotthankyouenoughfor19youtoldmeoneautumnafternoonwhenIwasnine.•A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where•2)Thethirdrichman,onseeingsuchpoverty,_37(speededup)andwentstraightthroughthe_38(village)withoutstopping.Thetwootherrichmensawthisfromadistanceandcommentedwitheachother_39thethirdrichmanlackedsympathy.•39.A.whetherB.howC.whereD.when3、利用词语的固定搭配进行解题1)Theybothlovedthe44(idea).Overthenextfewdays,theysentoutinvitationsandprepareddesserts45theirguests.Theydecoratedtheapartmentwithstreamers(彩带)andpartylights.2）I31(constantly)foundmyselfintheuniquepositionofbeingeitherthefirst(womandoctorinMarylandRotary)32oneofthefewwomen(chiefmedicalreporters)inmyfield.（2011天津）•32.A.andB.butC.orD.for•4、利用词义辨析进行解题•例：Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions54___throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout55___.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.（2015年安徽卷）•54.A.byB.infavorof•C.afterD.insteadof•55.A.spendingB.collecting•C.repairingD.advertising4、利用词义辨析进行解题•这种词义辨析常不设置在单句中，而是设在一定的上下文语境中。如不考虑语境，也许这几个选项皆可，只有通过阅读上下文才能确定最佳选项。5、利用上文情景进行解题•ItwasaperfectweekendafterIgraduatedfromuniversity.Icamehomeand39（invited）Dadtogosailing.Outwesetsoononthe40lake.(2011重庆)•A.calmB.icyC.stormyD.thundery•完形填空的设空原则有一条就是“前置性设空”，也就是命题者会根据空白处所在的本句信息或上句信息进行全面的考虑。考生做题时就要从前面信息入手。6、利用下文信息暗示进行解题•1)Thewomansays,“andIdidtheonlythingIcoulddo.I55thecoursethatafternoon,andIhaven’tgonenearsciencesince.”•A.droppedB.startedC.passedD.missed•2)Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga5lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan(寿命)wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!•A.busierB.longer•C.richerD.happier7、利用词汇复现原则进行解题•1)Inhersecondgrade,Maja31hercousin,Jasmina.AfterJasmina’sdeath,Majasworeshewouldhonorthelittlegirlby32(swimming)withadolphin,···•A.lostB.visitedC.rescuedD.left•2)39（stretching）ashighashecould,butevenashistallest40,hewasunabletotouchit.A.strengthB.lengthC.rangeD.height•完形填空试题中，某一词语现象会经常出现在语篇之中，命题者常用这种现象设题。词汇复现包含原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现和同根词复现等。8、利用生活常识及文化背景进行解题•1)Whatabusyday!Thethreeboyswerefed,bathedandchangedintotheirnightclothes.Maryhad___36___themastoryandfinallytheywereasleep.(2011江西)•A.givenB.writtenC.toldD.taught•2)Whenpeoplearereally___40_____，nothingwillstopthemfromfallingasleep-----nomatterwheretheyare.(2011全国II)•A.tiredB.drunkC.lovelyD.lazyOnemanwhowaswalkingtoworkatthetimedescribedthemomenttheearthquakeoccurred,“Everythingwasshaking.AssoonasithappenedIsawmanypeople4outsideandIrealiseditwasanearthquake.”4.A.rushingB.shakingC.talkingD.working文化背景和生活常识9、利用语篇标志语进行解题•“Iamdefinitelythebestintheworld,”shethought,asshepreparedatastychickendish.But___47___seemedtogoright.Shespilttheflour,shedroppedaneggandshecutherfinger.Despiteallthetroubles,she___48___togetthechickenintothedove.(2011江西)•47.AeverythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing•48.A.triedB.arranged•C.managedD.prepared10利用上下文的逻辑关系进行解题•Aftertwoyears’38(treatment)intheU.S.,Majareceivedherfirstartificial（人造的）leg.But39itdidn’tfitwell,walkingforMajawasverypainful.40shemanagedtograduatefromalocalhighschool.(2011湖北)•39.A.untilB.becauseC.althoughD.if•40.A.OtherwiseB.Therefore•C.BesidesD.However根据行文逻辑thelogicofthedevelopment注意句与句、段与段之间的起承转合，把握事件发生、发展的顺序和内在联系及文章中的连接词准确判断逻辑关系。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如平行关系、转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。11、利用文中隐含信息进行推理•Wecanseethereisalotofsleepingonthebusortrainonthewayhomefromworkintheevenings.Amanwillbe22(reading)thenewspaper,andsecondslaterit__23_(appears)__asifheistryingto___24__it(2011全国II)•A.openB.eatC.findD.finish12、利用排除同类干扰法进行解题•Hewas42(still)travelingquickly,buthiswagons,43thegoldandvaluablestheyhadbeen44(carry),werenowfulloffarmingtoolsandbagsof45.Hewasrushingbacktohelpthemoutofpoverty.（2011陕西）•43.A.exceptB.insteadofC.apartfrom•D.alongwith•45.A.foodB.jewelsC.moneyD.seedsSummary：解题口诀•决胜完形填空题，记叙体裁为主题。•文章首句开篇启，句中中文莫小觑。•通览全文抓主旨，偏离主题连错惜。•上下求索左右顾，复现原则记心间。•连词副词须重视，语篇标志理脉络。•字里行间找暗示，依据语境最合适。•个别填空借常识，习惯用语要牢记。•规范答题四步骤，复读核实图像晰。