定语从句----attributeclauses1.定义及相关术语2.关系代词与关系副词的区别考点3.区别几种句型定语(attribute)定义:定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.TheboyneedsaballpenTheboythereneedsapenTwoboysneedtwopens形容词名词副词数词HissonneedsTom'spenTheboytowritethisletterneedsapenThesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismotherTheboyinblueisTom不定式分词介词短语代词或名词所有格各种修饰成分位置限:限定词(一般指数量)观:外观(美丽等)形:形状(大小,高矮,肥瘦)龄:年龄色:颜色国:国籍材:材料翻译:一位十八岁漂亮并且高挑的中国女孩一个圆圆的迷人的绿色美国西瓜定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。ThatistheteacherwhoteachesusEnglish.Thosewhowanttogototheparkaregirls.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。ThatistheteacherwhoteachesusEnglish.Thosewhowanttogototheparkaregirls.______(名词)_____(代词)3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanhadlosthisway.Footballisagameislikedbymostboys.IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametothisschool.Hehasafriendfatherisadoctor.whowhichwhenwhose关系词关系代词关系副词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas等whenwherewhy等关系词通常有下列三个作用:A.引导定语从句;B.代替先行词;C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.关系代词与关系副词的区别返回目录1.在从句中作状语的,就用关系副词when,where,why2.在从句中作宾语的,就用that,which,who,whom,而不取决于先行词是什么。在定语从句中担任宾语的,尽管先行词是一个表时间或地点的词,关系词仍不能用where和when.解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分;若是作状语,就用where,when,why等关系副词;若是作主语、宾语或定语,则用关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。例如:1.Wewillneverforgetthedays()weworkedonthefarm.2.Wewillneverforgetthedays()wespenttogetheronthefarm.when指thedays,“在那些日子里”,表示劳动的时间which指thedays,“那些日子”,做spent的宾语whenthat/which例如:3.August6wasthedayshewasborninapoorfamily.4.August6isthedaytheywillalwaysremember.5.2008istheyeartheChinesepeoplearelookingforwardto.whenthat/whichthat/which6.a.Thereason_______hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.b.Thereason_____________hegaveussoundedreasonable.7.a.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinParis.b.I’llremembertheday________westayedtogetheratthattime.why(which/that)(which/that)when8.a.Isthisthefactory______________wevisitedlastyear?b.Isthisthehouse_________Lincolnoncelived?(which/that)where解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分;若是作状语,就用where,when,why等关系副词;若是作主语、宾语或定语,则用关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。返回目录考点诠释【实战点评】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空:①Thisisthefactory()hevisitedlastyear.②Thisisthefactory()heworkedlastyear.③Thisisthefactory()heworkedinlastyear.返回目录which/thatwherewhich/that分析从句成分:第①题定语从句中visited为及物动词且缺少宾语,故可填关系代词which/that,且口语中常可以省略;第②题定语从句中worked为不及物动词,先行词在从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where;第③题定语从句中worked为不及物动词但其后有介词in,先行词在从句中作后置介词的宾语,故可填关系代词which/that且口语中可以省略;返回目录基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词归纳总结做题技巧?先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分考点一、where的用法1.如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where或inwhich引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。eg.1.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim2.国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(06山东)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.(06江西)A.whyB.whereC.howD./做题要灵活:要分析句子成分,选择恰当的关系词。考点二、when的用法1.ItwasOctober_____wemetinShanghaiforthefirsttime.2.ItwasinOctober_____wemetinShanghaiforthefirsttime.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whileCA注:当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,不能用when3.Iwillneverforgetthedays___________Ispentwithyourfamily.(that/which)•Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.•Mr.Wang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果:限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确,所以不能省略。非限制性定语从句省略后意义仍然完整,所以可以省略。形式作用能否省略翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句逗号隔开修饰限定补充解释能不能…的两个句子无逗号•非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。•引导“非限定”的关系词有:1.指人时:2.指物时:which(可指某个词也可指整个主句,从句只能位于主句之后)as(表示正如,可位于主句前或主句后)非限制性定语从句的用法who,whom,whosewhich,as情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin考点二.介词+关系代词的用法3.指地点时:4.指时间时:5.指原因时:where=相应介词+whichwhen=相应介词+whichforwhich(切不可用why)情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后某些短语动词的的介词不能前置,如果将介词前置,该动词就会失去原动词词组的含义。此时介词不能前置。如:lookafter;lookfor;lookinto;getin(收获);takecareof(关心;照顾);takefor(认为;以为);takeoff(起飞),takepartinbeusedto(习惯于);makeuseof(利用);例:Yourpen,whichyouhavebeenlookingfor,mighthavebeenleftinyourbedroom.例:ThisisthebookaboutwhichItalkedtoyou.情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?关系代词前介词选择三原则:一先,二动,三意义(重中之重)1.一先,即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2.二动,即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意义,即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。ThisismypairofglasseswithoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.介词+关系代词的情况练习onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhich练习1.Doyouknowtheboy______yourmotheristalking?2.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstgottoParis.3.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.towhomwithwhichonwhich4.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliarwith.which/that/不填5.Irec