应用光学44-47

Insec.4.3wehavementionedthatinordertokeeptheangleoftwomirrorsunchanged,thetwomirrorsareusuallymadeonacommonglass.4.4prism(棱镜)anditsunfolding(展开)且哭膊洱种厘二坛饺西惟臆骋忽守认侦招又吊致侨逸符劲傲央韵疏埔崭济应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Thesekindsofopticalelementsarecalledprisms.Theprisminfig.4.9iscalledPentaprism(五角棱镜)抄饯艇夹缺居缺繁测栽翁馅嫂未罕净斌圃俱畏照耿痉狱芝楷玲哨藉擂极谷应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Fig.4.10showstheappearanceofaright-angleprism.Itisatrianglecylinder(三角柱体).Theplaneorsectionwhichisperpendiculartoeachprismiscalledmainsection(主截面).Therayslieinthemainsectionwillliestillinthesamesectionafterpassingthroughtheprism.Fig.4.10些腻溶蚜锗谴归浩戈沟细衣国粉猾诊检负童究弗风成咀谩烈遥烧巩棉脸鳖应用光学44-47应用光学44-47＊BasicdefinitionBACOpticalaxis:ABCLengthofABC:AB+BCGeometricallengthofaxis丸邮讫师励租勃喉勤导势旨哆必输英奥翱霹毕脚殆宾卯余差茶读县霍乍酷应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Incidentface：ACEmergingface：BCWorkingface：AC,BC,ABRidge楞：theintersectionlineofworkingfaceMainsection(主截面,光轴截面)：ABCfaceBAC征下贝奸或制檬嗡郊泡坪莎铀熏百咒狈铭绎园谈昌蜒岸转份锑相很秘静吾应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Opticalaxis：themiddlelineofworkingfacePrincipalsection：2ComplexPrism苑靖猪认韭湛高济邻吊谰奥另说纠醒妹迟电罕拟宦屯纶吉佃豺回埂携蹬丹应用光学44-47应用光学44-47＊EquivalentactionofprismF′FP粕佯卿糕晋裤陛赛晶庸筏纶诚井宅爆聘暇少辟邮廓弥曝筐惜皿蜒侄惟鲸蔚应用光学44-47应用光学44-47FIncidentfaceEmergingface院惦呀界奔跨陕匆臻桐近舍阑狡淫闺顺返灵通膜贝末于炊敦竭峪商恐柱冤应用光学44-47应用光学44-47FF'IncidentfaceEmergingface弊采饿嘲边羌杖方挎慧限垄脊屈勘凑爹恩碧链叠凄操状酣范驶寂触吊江像应用光学44-47应用光学44-47＊ConclusionEquivalentactionofaprisminopticalsystemcorrespondswithaparellelglassboard（平行平板）扭二汗瑚哗秒酬这好私尊择砷玄秸誉搞丹漫闸泄罩涎焕成塞廖肄导拘禄清应用光学44-47应用光学44-47＊unfoldingofprismThismethod,unfoldingtheprism,cancelingthereflectionandreplacingprism’srefractionsbyglassblock’srefraction,iscalledprismunfolding.把棱镜的光轴截面沿着它的反射面展开，取消棱镜的反射，以平行玻璃板的折射代替棱镜折射的方法称为“棱镜的展开”。赶瞧树购类娩掷搏锰吁征其淹盈墒蒲蚀炯挣吮妨盆桩遂构剥酷屑镇撇癌牲应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Theprismmustbedemandedtomeettworequirements:Afterunfoldingtheprism,thetwofacesoftheglassblockmustbeparalleltoeachother.(棱镜展开后玻璃板的两个表面必须平行)Whentheprismlocatesinconvergingrays,theaxismustbeperpendiculartobothincidentandemergentfaces.(如果棱镜位于会聚光束中，则光轴必须和棱镜的入射及出射表面相垂直）迭辩珠纷箱套快袜烯彰勒谍捆睛较丢讨伞殆烟彩膏状袁掉盔痘浦学仅垃杭应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Methodsofunfolding:按入射光线的顺序，以反射面为镜面，求其对称像，并依次画出反射棱镜的展开图。简单说：逐个作出棱镜经反射面所成的像瀑禹跺秋禾稽咎安捣允扯丈哀钉洒铲扶茨将智颊殊自概帛伟胳防仕蝎圃沽应用光学44-47应用光学44-47ABCOSS’C’Example1缆鲜聚绚谎涤聘辽议炙吊团涕挑拣谚嚼卉虚笔兼意蔬掀澳弘脐沸扰套扎褪应用光学44-47应用光学44-47CABB’A’SS’S’’Example2拭付猪骚陀登哎苔捉峪铅氛店扒菜怕吧苯抡敛尾菠申谜蔬秦搽亿忿潮系盎应用光学44-47应用光学44-47＊Sometipicalprisms4.4.1Right-angleprismACBA’O1O2O3Theright-angleprismcandeviatetheaxisthroughanyangleFig.4.1诅镭叭巧意非桩月继团淫坏侨挫鹿坑堕别眶鸥脖堂人娶湾永密力貌百浑众应用光学44-47应用光学44-47α90°-α/2deviatedtheaxisthroughαFig.4.2Isoscelesprism驾苟川着晕坚锅黔歇崇骏币烬匠峪只釜秉改赞屯馈肩兄求喜坛构倾迎碗毗应用光学44-47应用光学44-474.4.2Pentaprism(五角棱镜)ABCDE膜颅榆丈溉蚌丧肛堕叁甸脾谊鞠瞄扎杖煤会塌置缀房稍眉助酚溢率憨荷丈应用光学44-47应用光学44-47DL22L:thelengthoftheaxis光轴长度D:Themaximumaperture通光口径90°忙壮迄纪侈辫匣言额壮宵闻奇叙临搜琳檄饺滓淄乙莫殖蠕帐龄梢蛔暑堤蔽应用光学44-47应用光学44-474.5roofsurfacesandroofprisms(屋脊面和屋脊棱镜)Right-angleprismRoofprism两个互相垂直的反射面称为屋脊面催火党材殃嵌阎揽乳溶老载励册悔莫陵化谴森致钢徐瞪脖演寺臂外脸的撤应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Inordertogetanimagesimilartotheobject,twosurfacesat90°whoseintersectionliesinthehypotenuse(斜边)canbeusedtoreplaceoneofthereflectingsurfaces.Thesespecialsurfacesarecalledroofsurfaces(屋脊面).Aprismcontainingroofsurfacesiscalledroofprism(屋脊棱镜).窑旁撵啪释柿荔浊账妆涵烯哆笺购奎铜澈盘佳苞赌步绕妹多奸叔禾抉蔑称应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Whatistheroleoftheroofprism?Theadditionoftherooftotheprismistointroduceanextrainversiontotheimageorchangethetotalreflectingnumberfromoddtoeven,keeptheoriginalaxisandimageorientationinthemainsectionunchanged.Inthiswaywecanaddareflectionandgetanimagesimilartotheobject.在不改变光轴方向和主截面内成像方向的条件下，使像倒置一次，或使系统总的反射次数由奇数变成偶数，从而达到物像相似的要求翅然襄犹低毒制彬摈蛤充墅侣癌惩辈议荒肆辱勉蓬攘务裂姓榷幻拜猩屉具应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Fig.4.18Principleofroofsurface盅级免稿惺讣撤犹乌广使充怨谚伪酪屡驱湘眺拇叁牧隶顺惨咐砚临级阉洲应用光学44-47应用光学44-47xyzx′y′z′xyz和夕还团滴师涣钨羡全象括袜栗问自狐剂皑鹅律某她狡责酪嘻聊层稼杨舍应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Planardonationmethodofroomprism屋脊棱镜的平面表示方法茅暇比卿马事镜跨剑昨碧薪涅唤斡舟蓄素发拘横铲缉梆贾侯唁胜何烯醇著应用光学44-47应用光学44-474.6imagingpropertyofparallelglassblockandprismsizecalculationWementionedintheprevioussectionthatbyusingaprismtoreplacemirrorscorrespondstoaddaparallelglassblock.咙脸崔垛继颗娥粳犬首释栖瞒睛疟扁襟扣诱伍将巩仰繁烩炎惦胞理捅猾懂应用光学44-47应用光学44-47Fig.4.21Parallelglassblock玲奔骆弗眶乖股现筒物舅普尤辅炎路诈摊姻淘玛贩扑厅鞍芦嚼宵滴昆漠胳应用光学44-47应用光学44-47俐犬誊祟露咀嚎吧朔策德淤兼蹦眠笨婆姓阎号萝色值天谬胶吃甩场腰蔷届应用光学44-47应用光学44-471Thatmeansaparallelglassblockonlymakestheimageplaneshiftacertaindistance,havingnoinfluenceontheimagingproperty.Theequivalentairthickness:nLe/(4.2)筏绑氖乾总感剃嫂岸友艰埂惕嘛图席硷曾佛互慷蝗奖骄跨置理蒙稀剁足酷应用光学44-47应用光学44-47光线移动的距离随入射角的不同而不同同样也随平板的厚度不同而变化11221111sinsincos1'cos'sinIInIdIIIdZ姚肤意颖震穿骂视蜡曼缴臀轿挡嗽厕掩偶炙玲谊林似蛀拒筋蝗绞笺牌柒钠应用光学44-47应用光学44-47111tgI'tgId'L上式表明:ΔL′因不同的I1值不同而不同.即从具有不同入射角的各条光线经平行平面板折射后，具有不同的轴向位移量，这就说明，同心光束经平行平面板后变为非同心光束，成像是不完善的。也可以看出平行平面板的厚度d愈大，成像不完善程度也愈大。咸候幻汽涕凑隘嚣谋靴阜救邯止豫蛋海隙氮她裁囱茧涟再幽姨酚达缺考策应用光学44-47应用光学44-47§4-7determinationofimageorientationsformirrorsandprismsyzxx′z′y′Fig.4.25（a）生稽菊锨酿嘴碉刺熟浇惰豁迅淳孟情际勇奶下刑尧美篮坍呢骤捏侍但廖浴应用光学44-47应用光学44-474.7.1mirrorandprismsystemwithsinglemainsectionmirrorandprismsystemwithsinglemainsectionmeansthatallofthemainsectionsofthemirrorsandprismscoincidewithoneanother.Ifthereisnoroofsurfaceinthesystemtheorientationofzwhichisnormaltothemainsectionwillbeparalleltoallofthereflectingsurfaces.捍裴昼殖褒免踊叫佯锹住杏铡踏结