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**现在完成时**构成：现在完成时是由助动词have（has）过去分词否定句：在have/has后加not.一般疑问句：把have/has提到主语前.动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过去时一样）不规则变化现在完成时不规则变化：am/is-was-beenare-were-beenbegin-began-begunbreak-broke-brokendo-did-donedraw-drew-drawndrink-drank-drunkdrive-drove-driveneat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenfly-flew-flownforget-forgot-forgottengive-gave-givengo-went-gone完成时态的分类•现在完成时：站在现在回顾过去1.表示“影响”2.表示“持续”•过去完成时：站在过去回顾过去的过去•将来完成时：站在将来回顾此前发生的事件1“影响”表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.(多数需要结合上下文语境）Eg.Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)影响近的影响远的影响经历eg.Ihavevisitedyourfactorybefore.与其搭配的时间状语：just（刚刚）,already（已经）,before,yet（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还）never,ever①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.⑥Hehasnotcomeyet.2.“持续”表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去的动作或状态。Eg.Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?1.for（段时间）,since（过去点时间）2.到目前为止/迄今：sofar,tillnow,uptonow3.最近几个日、月、年以来：thesedays,in/over/duringforthelast/pastfewyears/months/weeks/days,throughyears…与其搭配的时间状语(默认的时间结点在现在）eg.Ihavebeenhereforjustovertwoyears.Hehasworkedheresince1989.从1989年，他就在这工作了。动词延续性动词非延续性动词的否定时态或转换为延续性动词2.非延续性动词也称终止性动词，瞬间动词，表示动作瞬间完成例如：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry…3.非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换1.延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.2.come/go—be(in)leave—beawayborrow—keepbuy—havedie—bedeadgettoknow—knowbegin—beonopen—beopenclose—beclosedarrive–behere/theremarry/getmarried(to)—bemarried(to)fallasleep/gettosleep—beasleepjointheParty—beintheParty/beamemberof√×××√×√√()()()()()()()()Ihaveboughtanewdictionaryforaweek.Ihavehadanewdictionaryforaweek.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。Theyhavecomeherefortwodays.Theyhavebeenherefortwodays.他们来这儿已经两天了。HehasjoinedtheLeaguememberfortwoyears.HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.他已入团两年了。Themanhasbeendeadforseveralyears.Themanhasdiedforseveralyears.这个人已经死了几年了。1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.()ABCABCBkeptBbeenon3.这辆自行车我买了两年了。I’ve_____thebike_____twoyears.4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He____________________Nanjingfortwoyears.5.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_______________foramonth.6.A:Honglong_____you____()B:Twoweeks.A.did,getillB.have,fallenillC.were,illD.have,beenillhadforhasbeenawayfromhasbeendeadD注意一.常用现在完成时的句型This/Itisthefirst/last/only+n.+that+现在完成时This/Itisthefirst/second…timethat+现在完成时This/Itis+adj.最高级(thebest/worst/mostinteresting)+名词+that+现在完成时二.havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法：1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。持续Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。影响Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”影响----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。三.一般过去时和现在完成时的区分Theplanehasarrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）Itaughthereforfifteenyears.我过去在这儿教过十五年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.Mary_______(lose)herpen.______you______(see)ithereandthere?2.______you______(find)yourwatchyet?3.---Areyouthirsty?---NO,I______just_______(have)someorange.4.We________already______(return)thebook.5.______they_____(build)anewschoolinthevillage?6.---HasTomtaughtyouEnglish?---Yes,he______(teach)usEnglishfortwoyears.7.I______(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.Canyouhelpme?8.What______they_____(do)withthenewspaper?Theyhavereadthem.9.---Thedoorisopen.Who______(open)it?Doyouknow?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.10.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.Thankyou