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AnIntroductiontoDantebyLiXiaomanBriefIntroductionDanteAlighieri,simplyreferredtoasDante,wasamajorItalianpoetoftheMiddleAges.HisDivineComedy,iswidelyconsideredthegreatestliteraryworkcomposedintheItalianlanguageandamasterpieceofworldliterature.InItalyheisknownas“theSupremePoet”.HeisalsocalledtheFatheroftheItalianlanguage.DanteAlighieriwasborninadecliningaristocracyfamilyofFlorence,Italy.Theexactdateofbirthisgenerallybelievedtobearound1265.Inhispoetry,heclaimedhewasbornunderthesignofGemini,whichcanbededucedasMayorJune.Whenhewasfive,hismotherdied.Andhisfathermarriedwithanotherwoman,andhadtwoyoungersons,ayoungerdaughter.Dantegotmarriedattheageof20.Hehadsixchildren,butonlyfourofthemkeptalive,includingthreeboysandonegirl.Dantewasofnobleancestry,andhislifewasshapedbytheconflictbetweentheGuelphsandGhibellines.WhenanopposingpoliticalfactionwithintheGuelphsgainedascendancy,hewasexiled(1302)fromFlorence,towhichheneverreturned.HislifewasgivendirectionbyhisspiritualloveforBeatricePortinari(1290),towhomhededicatedmostofhispoetry.HisgreatfriendshipwithGuidoCavalcantishapedhislatercareeraswell.LaVitaNuovacelebratesBeatriceinverse.Inhisdifficultyearsofexile,hewrotetheversecollectionTheBanquet(с1304–07);Devulgarieloquentia(1304–07;ConcerningVernacularEloquence),thefirsttheoreticaldiscussionoftheItalianliterarylanguage;andOnMonarchy(1313?),amajorLatintreatiseonmedievalpoliticalphilosophy.BeatriceDantecameacrosswithBeatrice.WorkTheDivineComedy《神曲》TheBanquet《飨宴》TheNewLife(LaVitaNuova)《新生》ConcerningVernacularEloquence《论俗语》OnMonarchy《王国论》Danteadvocatedfreedom,sohedevotedhimselfintofightingagainstfeudalism.Hediedin1321.TheDivineComedyHeisbestknownforthemonumentalepicpoemTheDivineComedy(originallytitledsimplyCommedia),aprofoundlyChristianvisionofhumantemporalandeternaldestiny.Itisanallegoryofuniversalhumandestinyintheformofapilgrim'sjourneythroughhellandpurgatory,guidedbytheRomanpoetVirgil,thentoParadise,guidedbyBeatrice.BywritingitinItalianratherthanLatin,DantealmostsinglehandedlymadeItalianaliterarylanguage,andhestandsasoneofthetoweringfiguresofEuropeanliterature.TheDivineComedyLadivinacommediawascompletedjustbeforethepoet'sdeath.Heprobablystartedtowriteitin1307.WhenasplendideditionofDante'spoemwaspublishedin1555,theadjectivedivinewasappliedtothepoem'stitle,andthusthework,originallysimplynamedCommedia,becameLadivinacommedia.Itisanarrativepoemcontaining14233linesorganizedinto100cantosapproximately142lineseach.Andeverysectionwasfinishedas“stelle”.TheDivineComedyTheInfernoHellThePurgatorioPurgatoryTheParadisioParadiseTheInfernoThepoembeginsonthenightbeforeGoodFridayintheyear1300,halfwayalongourlife'spath.Danteisthirty-fiveyearsold,halfofthebiblicallifeexpectancyof70,lostinadarkwood(understoodassin),assailedbybeasts(alion,aleopard,andashe-wolf)hecannotevade,andunabletofindthestraightway”tosalvation(symbolizedbythesunbehindthemountain).Consciousthatheisruininghimselfandthatheisfallingintoalowplacewherethesunissilent,DanteisatlastrescuedbyVirgil,andthetwoofthembegintheirjourneytotheunderworld.TheStructureofDante’sHellVestibuleofHell:TheUncommittedCircle1:Limbo(thevirtuouspaganswhowerenotsinfulbutwereignorantofChrist)Circle2:TheLustfulCircle3:TheGluttonsCircle4:TheAvariciousandtheProdigalCircle5:TheWrathfulandtheSullenCircle6:Heretics(thehereticswhocontradictedthedoctrineandconfusedthespiritofChrist)Circle7:TheViolentCircle8:TheFraudulentCircle9:TheTreacherousPurgatorioHavingsurvivedthedepthsofHell,DanteandVirgilascendoutoftheundergloom,totheMountainofPurgatoryonthefarsideoftheworld.TheMountainisonanisland,theonlylandintheSouthernHemisphere,createdbythedisplacementofrockwhichresultedwhenSatan'sfallcreatedHell.Themountainhasseventerraces,correspondingtothesevendeadlysinsorsevenrootsofsinfulness”.WrathEnvyPrideSlothLustGluttonyGreedAtthisstageitis,Dantesays,sunsetatJerusalem,midnightontheRiverGanges,andsunriseinPurgatory.TheParadisioDanteseeingtheTriuneGod.DantefinallyunderstandthemysteryofChrist’sdivinityandhumanity.Dante’ssoulbecomesalignedwithGod’slove.1.人不能象走兽那样活着，应该追求知识和美德。2.别人后退，我不退；别人前进，我更进。要攀登这座山的人，起初在下部是艰难的，越上升越没有痛苦，最后就和坐着顺流而下的小船一样。3.我们唯一的悲哀是生活于愿望之中而没有希望。4.人家的窃窃私语与你何干?走自己的路,让人家去说长道短!要像一座卓立的塔,不因为暴风而倾斜。5.一个人常常由这个思想引出那个思想，因而远离了他所追求的正确目标，第二个思想往往减少第一个思想。6.爱情使人心的憧憬升华到至善之境。7.容易发怒，是品格上最为显著的弱点。8.走自己的路，让别人去说吧。9.一个人愈知道时间的价值，愈感觉失时的痛苦呀！10.最聪明的人是最不愿浪费时间的人。11.一个知识不全的人可以用道德去弥补，而一个道德不全的人却难以用知识去弥补。补充：