系统解剖学绪论、骨学

AihuaPanDept.ofAnatomy&Neurobiology,XiangyaSchoolofMedicine,CSUEmail:[e-mail]：1102975195IntroductionofHumanAnatomy&OsteologyAesculapiusWHOHygeiaOUTLINEIntroductionofHumanAnatomyI.WhatisHumanAnatomyII.TheclassificationofhumananatomyIII.ThebasiccomponentofthehumanbodyIV.AimsofthestudyV.HowtostudyVI.AnatomicaltermsOsteologyI.GeneralDescriptionofOsteologyII.ThestructureofbonesIII.ChemicalcompositionIV.DevelopmentofthebonesV.FunctionsofthebonesIntroductionofHumanAnatomyI.WhatishumananatomyHumananatomyisthesciencewhichdealswiththemorphologyandspecialinterrelationsofthestructureofthehumanbody.AtomsMoleculeSmoothmusclecellStomachDigestivesystemHumanbodyChemistryCellbiologyHistologyHumananatomyChemicallevelCellularlevelTissuelevelOrganlevelSystemlevelOrganismallevelSmoothmuscletissueBiochemistryII.ThebasiccomponentofthehumanbodyIII.TheclassificationofhumananatomySystematicAnatomyRegionalAnatomySectionalAnatomyDigitalAnatomyFunctionalAnatomyHistologyCytologyEmbryologyMacro-anatomyMicro-anatomy①Locomotor②Alimentary③Respiratory④Urinary⑤Genital⑥Circulatory⑦Endocrine⑧Sensory⑨Nervous1.Systematicanatomy2.Regionalanatomy①HeadandNeck②Thorax③Abdomen④Pelvis⑤Perineum⑥Limbs⑦Backandvertebralregion3.SectionalanatomyAnatomyCTMRI4.Digitalanatomy中国男、女虚拟人（虚拟人Ⅰ，Ⅱ号）5.Functionalanatomy6.Histology7.Cytology8.Embryology千奇百怪的人体畸形OutlineIV.AimsofthestudyTounderstandthenormalmorphologicalstructure,positionandadjacency,growthanddevelopmentpatternofhumanorgansandsystems,providingbasicknowledgeonlearningpre-clinicandclinicalmedicinecourses.解剖学的地位恩格斯:“没有解剖学就没有医学”讨论：有人说中医无解剖，照此推论，中医难道就不是医学？孔子曰：“未知生，焉知死”。只有实现生命价值的人，才能真正懂得死亡的意义。相对其他自然科学以客观为对象，医学则是研究人类自身的学问。生命现象的认识过程是循序渐进的，由整体到部分；由宏观到微观；由个体到群体；由现象到本质。医学教育的过程是“不知死，焉知生”。解剖学教学对于每个医学生而言，是窥探并正式进入医学圣殿的第一步。V.HowtostudyHumananatomyisapracticalscience.Weshouldattachgreatimportancetothepractice,aswellasclinicalcorrelation.UppsalaUniversity(1477)SwedenTheAnatomyLessonofDr.NicolaesTulp），画家伦勃朗（1606—1669）VI.Anatomicalterms1.AnatomicalPositionErectpositionFacePalmsToesforward内Internal外External浅superficial深profound12341.A.SuperiorB.InferiorC.Distal2.A.AnteriorB.SuperiorC.Proximal3.A.MedialB.InferiorC.Ventral4.A.SuperiorB.InferiorC.LeftChoices1.A.SuperiorB.InferiorC.Head2.A.InferiorB.LateralC.Radial3.A.InternalB.SuperiorC.Medial4.A.SuperiorB.InferiorC.Right5.A.AnteriorB.ProximalC.Inferior12③453Choices3.Axisandplanes①Axis②PlanesSagittalCoronalHorizontalVerticalSagittalCoronalDorsal-Cranialcavity-VentralcanalVentral-Thoraciccavity-AbdominalcavityBodyCavitiesLocomotorsystembonearticulationmuscleleveragepivotofmovementpowerprovider重点effort支点支点重点力点resistancefulcrumeffortresistancefulcrumOsteologyI.GeneralDescriptionofOsteologyAxialskeletonAppendicularskeleton1.Boneisanorgan•Propershape•Characteristicfunctions•Ownbloodandnervesupply•Metabolismandplasticity2.Theshapeandclassification•Longbones:Ashaft;Acavityandtwoextremities•Shortbones:Acuboid•Flatbones:Twolayersofcompactbonewithspongy•IrregularbonesII.Thestructureofbones1.BonySubstanceCompact:resistingstressesandbendingSpongy:arrangedinlineofthepressureandtensionCompactboneSpongyboneperiosteumMedullarycavity2.PeriosteumOuter:Inner:PeriosteumEndosteumOsteoblastOsteoclastFibrous3.BonemarrowRedBoneMarrow:ProducebloodcellsYellowBoneMarrow:FatcellsIII.ChemicalcompositionofbonesOrganiccomponentsProteincollagenProteinpolysaccharidesInorganiccomponents:CalciumphosphateProportionofI/OisincreasedwithagingJellyfishCoralfrangiblesoftgreenstickfracturecomminutedfracturelinearfractureRelationshipbetweenfracturetypeandageIV.Developmentofthebones1.IntramembranousossificationAnteriorfontanellePosteriorfontanellesagittalsuturelambdoidsutureneonatalcranialviewoftheaboveadultcranialviewoftheaboveCartilagemodelBonecollarPrimaryossificationcenterPrimarymedullarycavitySecondaryossificationcenterEpiphysialplateQuestions:1.Howtoincreasethelengthanddiameter?2.Whataretheshaft,epiphysis,andepiphy-sialline?2.Endochonndralossification7yearsold12yearsold22yearsoldRegulationofgrowthhormoneonbonedevelopmentgrowthhomoneboneanteriorpituitaryhyposecretionhypersecretionmicroplasiagigantismV.FunctionsofthebonesSupportingofthebodyLeversformusclesProtectionoforgansProducebloodcellsStorehouseofcalcium推荐影视作品1.韩剧：《医龙-TeamMedicalDragon-》有需要的时候能够迅速聚集在一起的这才是团队。2.美剧：《实习医生格蕾》《豪斯医生》3.TVB：《法证先锋》《鉴证实录》《洗冤录》等目的：感性认识：医疗技术、设备，医院操作理性认识：培养学生如何思考，如何分析、如何解决问题的能力。