PACS代码

00.GENERAL01.Communication,education,history,andphilosophy01.10.ÀmAnnouncements,news,andorganizationalactivities01.10.CrAnnouncements,news,andawards01.10.FvConferences,lectures,andinstitutes01.10.HxPhysicsorganizationalactivities01.20.¿xCommunicationformsandtechniques„written,oral,electronic,etc.…01.30.ÀyPhysicsliteratureandpublications01.30.BbPublicationsoflectures~advancedinstitutes,summerschools,etc.!01.30.CcConferenceproceedings01.30.EeMonographsandcollections01.30.KjHandbooks,dictionaries,tables,anddatacompilations01.30.MmTextbooksforgraduatesandresearchers01.30.PpTextbooksforundergraduates01.30.RrSurveysandtutorialpapers;resourceletters01.30.TtBibliographies01.30.VvBookreviews01.30.XxPublicationsinelectronicmedia(forthetopicofelectronicpublishing,see01.20.1x)01.40.ÀdEducation01.40.DiCoursedesignandevaluation01.40.EjScienceinelementaryandsecondaryschool01.40.FkPhysicseducationresearch~cognition,problemsolving,etc.!01.40.GmCurricula;teachingmethods,strategies,theoryoftestingandevaluation01.40.JpTeachertraining01.50.ÀiEducationalaids01.50.FrAudioandvisualaids,films01.50.HtInstructionalcomputeruse01.50.KwTechniquesoftesting01.50.LcLaboratorycomputeruse(seealso01.50.Pa)01.50.MyDemonstrationexperimentsandapparatus01.50.PaLaboratoryexperimentsandapparatus(seealso01.50.Lc)01.50.QbLaboratorycoursedesign,organization,andevaluation01.50.WgPhysicsoftoys01.52.¿rNationalandinternationallaboratoryfacilities01.55.¿bGeneralphysics01.60.¿qBiographies,tributes,personalnotes,andobituaries01.65.¿gHistoryofscience01.70.¿wPhilosophyofscience01.75.¿mScienceandsociety(forscienceandgovernment,see01.78.1p)01.78.¿pScienceandgovernment„funding,politics,etc.…01.80.¿bPhysicsofsports01.90.¿gOthertopicsofgeneralinterest„restrictedtonewtopicsinsection01…02.Mathematicalmethodsinphysics02.10.ÀvLogic,settheory,andalgebra02.10.AbLogicandsettheory02.10.DeAlgebraicstructuresandnumbertheory02.10.HhRingsandalgebras02.10.KnKnottheory02.10.OxCombinatorics;graphtheory02.10.UdLinearalgebra02.10.XmMultilinearalgebra02.10.YnMatrixtheory02.20.ÀaGrouptheory(foralgebraicmethodsinquantummechanics,see03.65.Fd;forsymmetriesinelementaryparticlephysics,see11.30.2j)02.20.BbGeneralstructuresofgroups02.20.HjClassicalgroups02.20.QsGeneralproperties,structure,andrepresentationofLiegroups02.20.RtDiscretesubgroupsofLiegroups02.20.SvLiealgebrasofLiegroups02.20.TwInfinite-dimensionalLiegroups02.20.UwQuantumgroups02.30.ÀfFunctiontheory,analysis02.30.CjMeasureandintegration02.30.EmPotentialtheory02.30.FnSeveralcomplexvariablesandanalyticspaces02.30.GpSpecialfunctions02.30.HqOrdinarydifferentialequations02.30.IkIntegrablesystems02.30.JrPartialdifferentialequations02.30.KsDelayandfunctionalequations02.30.LtSequences,series,andsummability02.30.MvApproximationsandexpansions02.30.NwFourieranalysis02.30.OzBifurcationtheory(seealso47.20.Kyinfluiddynamics)02.30.PxAbstractharmonicanalysis02.30.RzIntegralequations02.30.SaFunctionalanalysis02.30.TbOperatortheory02.30.UuIntegraltransforms02.30.VvOperationalcalculus02.30.XxCalculusofvariations02.30.YyControltheory02.30.ZzInverseproblems02.40.ÀkGeometry,differentialgeometry,andtopology(seealsosection04Relativityandgravitation)02.40.DrEuclideanandprojectivegeometries02.40.FtConvexsetsandgeometricinequalities02.40.GhNoncommutativegeometry02.40.HwClassicaldifferentialgeometry02.40.KyRiemanniangeometries02.40.MaGlobaldifferentialgeometry02.40.PcGeneraltopology02.40.ReAlgebraictopology02.40.SfManifoldsandcellcomplexes02.40.TtComplexmanifolds02.40.VhGlobalanalysisandanalysisonmanifolds02.40.XxSingularitytheory(seealso05.45.2ainstatisticalphysics,thermodynamics,andnonlineardynamicalsystems)02.40.YyGeometricmechanics(seealso45.20.Jjinformalismsinclassicalmechanics)02.50.ÀrProbabilitytheory,stochasticprocesses,andstatistics(seealsosection05Statisticalphysics,thermodynamics,andnonlineardynamicalsystems)02.50.CwProbabilitytheory02.50.EyStochasticprocesses02.50.FzStochasticanalysis02.50.GaMarkovprocesses02.50.LeDecisiontheoryandgametheory02.50.NgDistributiontheoryandMonteCarlostudies02.50.SkMultivariateanalysis02.50.TtInferencemethods02.60.ÀxNumericalapproximationandanalysis02.60.CbNumericalsimulation;solutionofequations02.60.DcNumericallinearalgebra02.60.EdInterpolation;curvefitting02.60.GfAlgorithmsforfunctionalapproximation02.60.JhNumericaldifferentiationandintegration02.60.LjOrdinaryandpartialdifferentialequations;boundaryvalueproblems02.60.NmIntegralandintegrodifferentialequations02.60.PnNumericaloptimization102.70.ÀcComputationaltechniques(forquantumcomputation,see03.67.Lx)02.70.BfFinite-differencemethods02.70.DhFinite-elementandGalerkinmethods02.70.HmSpectralmethods02.70.JnCollocationmethods02.70.NsMoleculardynamicsandparticlemethods02.70.PtBoundary-integralmethods02.70.RrGeneralstatisticalmethods02.70.SsQuantumMonteCarlomethods02.70.TtJustificationsormodificationsofMonteCarlomethods02.70.UuApplicationsofMonteCarlomethods(seealso02.50.Nginprobabilitytheory,stochasticprocesses,andstatistics,and05.10.Lninstatisticalphysics)02.70.WzSymboliccomp