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用IPLV/NPLV值评估冷水机组全年能耗的局限性水源热泵机组节能技术及标准研究研讨会2011/1天津特灵空调系统(中国)有限公司贾晶高级经理问题QuestionIPLV/NPLV高是否意味冷水机组全年耗电量低?DoeshigherIPLV/NPLVmeanslowerannualenergyconsumptionofchillers?冷水机组能效评价指标空调系统（机组）能耗ChillerefficiencyvalueHVACenergyconsumption4方面局限性4limitations•单台机组singlechillersystem–单台机组全年能耗与IPLV/NPLV不成反比–singlechillerannualenergyconsumptionisnotinverseproportiontoitsvalueofIPLV/NPLV•多台机组multiplechillersystem–IPLV/NPLV计算法不适用于多台冷水机组系统–IPLV/NPLVisnotavailableformultiplechillersystem•多头机组chillerwithmultiplecompressors–IPLV/NPLV计算法不能反映多机头机组真实能效特性–IPLV/NPLVcannotreflecttherealefficiencyperformanceofchillerwithmultiplecompressors•不同地区的气象条件Variousclimates–不宜用全国统一的IPLV/NPLV值指导实际工程的设计–IPLV/NPLVvaluecannotguiderealprojectdesign•ASHRAE文章简介briefintroductionofoneASHRAEarticleIPLV定义IPLVdefinition•GB/T18430.1-2007蒸气压缩循环冷水（热泵）机组第一部分：工商业用和类似用途的冷水（热泵）机组GB/T18430.1-2007Waterchilling(heatpump)packagesforindustrial&commercialandsimilarapplicationIPLV定义IPLVdefinition•用一个单一数值表示的空气调节用冷水机组的部分负荷效率指标,…•Thechillerpartloadefficiencyindex,...withoperationtimeweightingfactorsunderspecialloadsconditions…..•IPLV＝2.3%×A+41.5%×B+46.1%×C+10.1%×D–A——100%负荷时的性能系数(W／W)，冷却水进水温度30℃；–B——75％负荷时的性能系数(W／W)，冷却水进水温度26℃；–C——50％负荷时的性能系数(W／W)，冷却水进水温度23℃；–D——25％负荷时的性能系数(W／W)，冷却水进水温度19℃。•IPLVistheweightedaveragevalueof4loadsefficiency–Theweightsareoperationtimepercentagesunder4loads–Theweightsdonotincludeloadspercentages,althoughtheyarerelatedtoloadspercentages按机组在特定负荷下运行时间的加权因素….•IPLV是对机组4种负荷性能系数加权平均的综合值，–其权重是4种负荷对应的运行时间百分比，–其权重不含机组负荷百分比，虽然与机组负荷百分比有关单台机组全年能耗计算Singlechillerannualenergyconsumptioncalculation•机组能耗=运行时间×机组冷量×机组效率KWH=HourxtonsxkW/ton–假设机组全年能耗按机组负荷为100%,75%,50%,25%四段区间算–Supposeannualenergyconsumptioniscalculatedbyunitloadof100%,75%,50%,25%•KWH=Time×(2.3%×100%RT×a+41.5%×75%RT×b+46.1%×50%RT×c+10.1%×25%RT×d)–KWH-单台机组全年能耗,annualenergyconsumption–Time-机组全年运行时间,annualoperationtime–RT-单台机组名义冷量,chillernominatedcoolingcapacity–a,b,c,d-特定负荷的kW/ton,kW/tonunderspecialloads•KWH=Time×RT×(2.3%×a+31.125%×b+23.05%×c+2.525%×d)冷水机组的实际开机容量的修正系数ξ=0.023×1+0.415×0.75+0.461×0.5＋0.101×0.25特定负荷的机组能效权重不同DifferentefficiencyweightsunderSpecificloads•IPLV＝2.3%×A+41.5%×B+46.1%×C+10.1%×D•KWH=Time×RT×(2.3%×a+31.125%×b+23.05%×c+2.525%×d)机组负荷Loads权重WeightsIPLV/NPLV全年能耗annualconsumption权重变化weightschanged100%2.3%2.3%不变no75%41.5%31.125%减少25%reduce50%46.1%23.05%减少50%reduce25%10.1%2.525%减少75%reduce•IPLV/NPLV高估了部分负荷时机组能效权重•IPLV/NPLVoverestimatetheweightsofpartloadefficiency100%3.9%52.7%39.1%4.3%•单台机组全年能耗与IPLV/NPLV不成反比•AnnualconsumptionisnotinverseproportiontoIPLV/NPLVNPLV高，不一定全年能耗低HigherNPLVdoesnotmeanslowerannualconsumption变频机组NPLV高，但其全年耗电量却多3.85%VSDchiller’sNPLVishigher,butitsannualconsumptionis3.85%more运行参数operation变频机组参数VSDchiller高效机组参数higherefficiencychiller机组负荷权重运行区间NPLV=8.06（W/W）NPLV=7.84（W/W）LoadkWWeighthoursh机组能效（W/W）耗电量kW运行时间耗电量（kWh）机组能效（W/W）耗电量kW区间耗电量（kWh）17580.01305.16341102306.84257771013190.4212606.761952457007.851682116808790.4513509.25951282508.211071444504400.123608.4552187206.566724120全年运行时间3000hAnnualoperationhours全年耗电402900kWhAnnualconsumption全年耗电:387960kWhAnnualconsumptionIPLV忽视机组负荷百分比权重对单台机组全年能耗的影响IPLVignorestheaffectofloadpercentageweightstoannualconsumption冷水机组全年运行负荷曲线AnnualchillerLoadcurve月份Month负荷曲线Loadcurve时间hour34567891011月份冷负荷Load冷量tons高效机组在高负荷区节能Highefficientchillersavesenergyinhigh-loadzone变频机组在低负荷区节能Variablespeedchillersavesenergyinlow-loadzone机组能效差时间节电多机组能效差时间∆KWH=∆KW/tonxtonsxHours二台机组能耗分区比较2chillers’savingcomparisoninzones低负荷区时,变频机节电∆KW/ton大,但∆KWH小高负荷区时,高效机节电∆KW/ton小,但∆KWH大∆KWH∆KW/tonHours多台冷水机组的运行方案multiplechilleroperation•系统部分负荷时，单台机组多次满负荷。•Singlechillerisfullloadedseveraltimesduringsystempartloads系统冷量（RT）Coolingcapacity230020001300100030030系统负荷（%）Systemload100%87%57%43%13%1.3%单机负荷singlechillerloadA机组-1000100%100%0%0%0%0%B机组-1000100%100%100%100%0%0%C机组-300100%0%100%0%100%10%•多台机组群控使单机基本上在高负荷区运行(60%～85%)•Singlechillerisheavilyloadedingeneralduetogroupcontrol•3台机组典型运行方案：Typicaloperationof3chillers•采用LEED认可的TRACE700模拟软件TRACE700software•使用DOE网上的气象参数WeatherdatainDOE•建筑物位于上海、北京、广州Shanghai,Beijing,Guangzhou•计算全年8760逐时负荷,8760hoursforwholeyear•典型办公楼共55层，建筑面积102,865m2Topicofficebuilding,55Floor,constructionarea102865sqm•模拟不同类型20多个房间的动态空调负荷，包括内区/外区办公室、会议室、接待室、卫生间、茶水室。Dynamiccoolingloadsof20kindsofrooms•采用3台机组运行，当离心机负荷卸载30%时，运行螺杆机。3chillers,screwchilleroperateswhencentrifugalchillerisunloadedto30%–2台离心机2centrifugalchillers@1000RT,COP5.6，–1台螺杆机1screwchiller@300RT,COP5.1，3台冷水机组的运行模拟条件3chillers'modulation3台冷水机组全年运行模拟结果Modulationresultof3chillers单台机组全年负荷分布图（上海）Singlechilleroperationloads(shanghai)025507510014202632冷却水进水温度(°C)机组负荷百分比（%）地区city单机负荷区间load100%75%50%25%上海Shanghai单机运行时间百分比Operationtimepercentage55%26%19%0北京Beijing43%35%22%0广州Guangzhou61%23%16%0LoadPercentage%Condenserwatertemp.单台机组全年运行负荷率Singlechilleroperationloadstable机组运行时间权重百分比operationtimeweightpercentage机组负荷率Loadpercentage100%75%50%25%AHRI百分比AHRIpercentage14245121台机组1chiller23334402台机组2chillers41299213台机组3chillers53269124台机组4chillers622478均值Average44.8287.320.3冷水机组台数对权重的影响(在芝加哥）impactofmultiplechillersinChicag