Spar平台(深水浮筒平台)专题Spar平台(深水浮筒平台)属于顺应式平台的范畴,被广泛应用于人类开发深海的事业中,担负着钻探、生产、海上原油处理、石油储藏和装卸等各种工作,成为当今世界深海石油开采的有力工具。1961年,在北海海域建造的一座浮动式工具平台,主要用于海洋研究工作。20 世纪70年代,Royal Dutch Shell公司又在北海的中等水深中建造了一座Brent Spar平台,用作石油的储藏和装卸中心。不过,早期建造的Spar平台结构与当前深海油气开发使用的Spar平台相比还是有区别的。一般来讲,现代 Spar平台都具有以下几个特征(如右图所示): Spar平台示意图 1. 现代Spar平台的主体是单圆柱结构,垂直悬浮于水中,特别适宜于深水作业,在深水环境中运动稳定、安全性良好。Spar平台主体可分为几个部分,有的部分为全封闭式结构,有的部分为开放式结构,但各部分的横截面都具有相同的直径。由于主体吃水很深,平台的垂荡和纵荡运动幅度很小,使得Spar平台能够安装刚性的垂直立管系统,承担钻探、生产和油气输出工作。 2. Spar平台的中心处开有中央井,中央井内装有独立的立管浮筒,具有良好的灵活性。生产立管上与平台上体的控井和生产处理设施相连,向下则一直延伸到海底油井。Spar平台的油气产品有两种输出方式,它既可以通过柔性输油管、SCR立管或顶紧张式立管将油气产品直接输送到海底管道系统,也可以将石油储藏在 Spar平台的主体中,然后用油轮将石油向岸上运输。由于采用了缆索系泊系统固定,使得Spar平台十分便于拖航和安装,在原油田开发完后,可以拆除系泊系统,直接转移到下一个工作地点继续使用,特别适宜于在分布面广、出油点较为分散的海洋区域进行石油探采工作。 Spar Platforms Spar Platforms, moored to the seabed like the TLP, but whereas the TLP has vertical tension tethers the Spar has more conventional mooring lines. Spars have been designed in three configurations: the conventional one‐piece cylindrical hull, the truss spar where the midsection is composed of truss elements connecting the upper buoyant hull (called a hard tank) with the bottom soft tank containing permanent ballast, and the cell spar which is built from multiple vertical cylinders. The Spar may be more economical to build for small and medium sized rigs than the TLP, and has more inherent stability than a TLP since it has a large counterweight at the bottom and does not depend on the mooring to hold it upright. It also has the ability, by use of chain‐jacks attached to the mooring lines, to move horizontally over the oil field. The first Spar was Kerr‐McGee's Neptune, which is a floating production facility anchored in 1,930 feet (588 m) in the Gulf of Mexico. Dominion Oil's Devil's Tower is located in 5,610 feet (1,710 m) of water, in the Gulf of Mexico, and is the world's deepest spar. The first (and only) cell spar is Kerr‐McGee's Red Hawk. spar Oil and gas exploration in deep water has accelerated the need of ocean structures suitable for these depths. A spar platform is such a compliant floating structure used for deep water for the drilling, production, processing and storage of ocean deposits. This paper gives a review on the technical development of spar platform, including the research on dynamic response, mooring system, fatigue and coupled analysis and the design of heave plate and strake configuration. 深海油气资源的大量开发加速了对适应深水环境的平台结构物的需求。Spar平台是一种用于深海环油气开采、生产、处理加工和储存的海洋结构物。本文介绍Spar平台的发展趋势及其关键技术的研究,包括平台动力响应、系泊系统、疲劳分析、耦合分析以及垂荡板和侧板的设计研究。 文摘来源 This paper presents a type of mini spar platform in deep water, which can be used in the area of South China Sea. A detailed study of the motion response is carried out in frequency domain. And effect of water depth and tendon pretension on the motion response has been analyzed. The conclusion obtained from the paper is worthy of reference to conception design of spar platform in deep water. 以南海S7海域为背景 ,提出一种深水轻型单柱平台 (mini‐sparplatform) ,并对其在频域内的运动响应进行了详细的研究 ,还分析总结了水深及系索预张力的变化对平台运动性能的影响。所得结论对深水单柱平台的概念设计具有一定的参考价值。 production in recent 2 decades. Special attention is paid to the FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading), TLP(Tension Leg Platform), Spar Platform and Floating Tower Platform. 21世纪将更加重视深海石油的开发。本文回顾了近二十年来有关深海石油开发装置的 发展,简要介绍单体浮式生产系统(FPSO),张力腿平台(TLP),单柱平台(Spar及Floating Tower)的情况。随着科学技术的不断发展及深海石油开发经验的积累,浮式生产系统将更趋完善。Spar平台的照片! 这是第一个由非ABS Class的spar, 在马来西亚,technip设计,MSE 制造,DnV Classed. 好像叫Keikh? 这个SPAR是KMG(科麦奇)的,世界上第一个Truss Spar. Truss中间的横隔板可以起到Damper的作用,能显著降低Spar的垂直方向的运动。取消了大直径的圆筒也改善了整个Spar涡激震动(VIV,vortex induced vibration)的特性。随后还出现了cell spar,由多个小圆桶连接在一起, hydrodynamic性能也有提高。 多说一句,VIV现在是Spar最头痛的问题。上图中的strake就是用来降低VIV的。