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第1页本科毕业设计论文题目计算机视觉检测技术在工件检测中的应用研究专业名称电子科学与技术学生姓名向宏伟指导教师李会方毕业时间2015.7.1第2页摘要为了实现工件的快速、高精度在线检测,将计算机视觉技术应用到工件尺寸在线检测系统中,本文设计了工件尺寸在线检测系统的硬件结构和软件功能模块,并使用VC++6.0开发了基于计算机视觉的工件尺寸在线检测系统.本文在以下方面进行了主要的研究；(1)对计算机视觉的概念、工作过程、发展历程做了简单介绍，论述了计算机视觉检测技术的研究内容及国内外应用现状。后面讨论了基于计算机视觉检测技术在工件检测中的应用及发展趋势。(2）主要研讨了工件在线检测系统的硬件结构，并分析了该计算机视觉系统对光源、光学系统及工业相机和图像采集卡的要求，根据要求给出了适合计算机视觉在线工件检测系统的各个组件的选择。(3)讨论了利用相机和标定点对之间的几何关系，实现立体视觉标定系统的方法。在使用工件在线检测系统的过程中，相机的外部角元素会产生微小的变化，为此，本文以面阵CCD相机的数学模型为基础，分析了角元素的变化引起的像点移位的规律。(4)本文结合实际应用，研究了计算机视觉检测系统中部分常用的图像处理算法，包括图像滤波及增强、图像阈值分割算法、边缘检测等等。(5)基于VC++6.0软件，开发了在线工件检测系统。[关键词]计算机视觉；工件；检测系统第3页ABSTRACTOrdertoachieveworkpiece'srapidandhigh-precisionlinedetection,Theapplicationofcomputervisiontechnologytotheworkpiecesizelinedetectionsystem,Wedesignthehardwareandsoftwarefunctionmoduleinworkpiecesizelinedetectionsystem,UsingVC++6.0developmentsizelinedetectionsystembasedoncomputervisionartifacts.Thispaperdiscussesthemajorstudiesconductedinthefollowingareas:（1）Theconceptofcomputervision,workprocesses,thehistorygivesabriefintroduction，AndthendiscussthecontentsandpresentsituationofApplicationofComputerVisionDetectionTechnique。WediscussedlaterbasedonComputerVisionDetectionTechnologyApplicationandDevelopmentoftheworkpiecedetection.（2）Thepaperdiscussesthehardwarestructureoftheworkpiece-linedetectionsystem,andanalyzesthecomputervisionsystem'srequirementsforlightsource,opticalsystemsandindustrialcamerasandframegrabbers,givesforcomputervisionlinepartinspectionsystemthechoice,accordingtotherequirementsofthevariouscomponents.（3）Wediscusstheuseofthegeometricrelationshipbetweenthecameraandthecalibrationpoints,toachievestereoscopiccalibrationsystems.In-linedetectionsystemusingapieceoftheprocess,theexternaldiagonalelementsofthecamerawillproduceminorchanges,thispaperanalysisoftheimagepointcausedbythechangeofthediagonalelementsofthelawofdisplacementthemodelplanearrayCCDcameraisbasedon.（4）Inthispaper,wedothepracticalapplicationofresearchincomputervisioninspectionsystemsomecommonimageprocessingalgorithms,includingimagefilteringandenhancement,imagethresholdingalgorithm,edgedetectionandsoon.（5）BasedonVC++6.0software,developedanonlineworkpiecedetectionsystem。KEYWORDS：computervision；workpiece；detectingsystem第4页目录第一章绪论.....................................................................................................................................61.1计算机视觉技术概述.........................................................................................................61.1.1计算机视觉技术概念..............................................................................................61.1.2计算机视觉系统的工作过程..................................................................................61.1.3计算机视觉的发展历程..........................................................................................71.1.4计算机视觉的研究内容..........................................................................................81.1.5计算机视觉的应用现状..........................................................................................91.2基于计算机视觉的工件检测...........................................................................................101.2.1基于计算机视觉的工件检测研究现状及其应用................................................101.2.2基于计算机视觉的工件检测面临的问题及发展趋势........................................111.3本章小结...........................................................................................................................12第二章计算机视觉在线检测系统的硬件构成...........................................................................132.1计算机视觉在线工件检测系统的构成...........................................................................132.2光源及照明方式...............................................................................................................132.2.1如何合理选择光源................................................................................................132.2.2计算机视觉检测系统常用光源分类....................................................................142.2.3光源照明方式分类................................................................................................152.2.4颜色对拍摄的影响................................................................................................172.3光学系统...........................................................................................................................172.3.1计算机视觉检测系统中常用镜头分类................................................................172.3.2镜头主要参数对成像质量的影响........................................................................182.3.3镜头各参数间的相互影响关系............................................................................182.3.4工业CCD相机的功能及参数设置........................................................................192.3.5工业相机的接口介绍............................................................................................202.4图像采集卡.......................................................................................................................202.4.1图像采集原理........................................................................................................202.4.2图像采集卡简介..............