组织行为学精要第十版chapter9 understanding work team

Copyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-1EssentialsofOrganizationalBehavior,10/eStephenP.Robbins&TimothyA.JudgeChapter9TeamsCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-2Afterstudyingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:1.Contrastgroupsandteams,andanalyzethegrowingpopularityofusingteamsinorganizations.2.Compareandcontrastfourtypesofteams.3.Identifythecharacteristicsofeffectiveteams.4.Showhoworganizationscancreateteamplayers.5.Decidewhentouseindividualsinsteadofteams.6.Showhowtheunderstandingofteamsdiffersinaglobalcontext.Copyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-3WhyAreTeamsSoPopular?•Increasedcompetitionforcedrestructuringforefficiencyandeffectiveness•Teams:BetterutilizeemployeetalentsAremoreflexibleandresponsivetochangeDemocratizeandmotivateCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-4GroupsandTeams•WorkGroup–Agroupwhointeractsprimarilytoshareinformationandtomakedecisionstohelponeanotherperformwithineachmember’sareaofresponsibility•WorkTeam–Generatespositivesynergythroughcoordinatedeffort;individualeffortsresultinalevelofperformancethatisgreaterthanthesumofthoseindividualinputsCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-5ComparingWorkGroupsandWorkTeamsCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-6FourTypesofTeamsCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-7Problem-SolvingTeams•Membersoftenfromthesamedepartment•Shareideasorsuggestimprovements•RarelygivenauthoritytounilaterallyimplementanyoftheirsuggestedactionsCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-8Self-ManagedWorkTeams•10-15employeesinhighly-relatedjobs•Teamtakesonsupervisoryresponsibilities:WorkplanningandschedulingAssigningtasksOperatingdecisions/actionsWorkingwithcustomers•Mayselectandevaluatemembers•EffectivenessissituationallydependentCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-9Cross-FunctionalTeams•Membersfromsamelevel,butdiverseareaswithinandbetweenorganizations•Exchangeinformation•Developnewideasandsolveproblems•Coordinatecomplexprojects•Developmentmaybetime-consumingduetocomplexityanddiversityCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-10VirtualTeams•Computertechnologytiesdispersedteamtogether•Specialchallenges:LesssocialrapportMoretask-orientedMemberslesssatisfiedCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-11KeyComponentsofEffectiveTeams•Context•Composition•WorkDesign•ProcessCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-12ContextualComponents•Presenceofadequateresources•Effectiveleadershipandstructure•Climateoftrustintheteam•PerformanceevaluationandrewardsystemthatreflectsteamcontributionsCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-13TeamCompositionComponents•AbilitiesofmembersTechnicalexpertiseProblem-solvingInterpersonal•PersonalityConscientiousandopen-minded•Diversity•Sizeofteams•MemberpreferencesCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-14WorkDesignComponents•Freedom•Autonomy•Skillvariety•Taskidentity•TasksignificanceEnhancesmotivationandteameffectivenessCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-15ProcessComponents•Commonplanandpurpose•Specificgoals•Teamefficacy•Commonmentalmodels•Lowlevelsofconflict•MinimizedsocialloafingCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-16TurningIndividualsIntoTeamPlayers•Selection–Needemployeeswhohavetheinterpersonalaswellastechnicalskills•Training–Workshopsonproblem-solving,communications,negotiation,conflict-managementandcoachingskills•Rewards–EncouragecooperativeeffortsratherthanindividualonesCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-17TeamsAren’tAlwaystheAnswer:ThreeTests•ComplexityofWork:Cantheworkbedonebetterbymorethanoneperson?•CommonPurpose:Doestheworkcreateacommonpurposeorsetofgoalsforthepeopleinthegroupthatismorethantheaggregateofindividualgoals?•Interdependence:Arethemembersofthegroupinterdependent?Copyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-18GlobalImplicationsTeamworkislesspervasiveintheUnitedStates.Self-managedteamsmaybedifficulttointroduceglobally–powerdistanceproblems.Teamculturaldiversitycreatesdifficultiesintheshortrun.Copyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-19ImplicationsforManagersCommoncharacteristicsofeffectiveteams:Haveadequateresources,effectiveleadership,aclimateoftrust,andsuitablerewardsystemComposedofindividualswithtechnicalandinterpersonalskillsWorkprovidesfreedom,autonomy,andopportunitytouseskillsMembersarecommittedtoacommonpurposeCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-20KeepinMind…•Properselectionofmembersincreaseslikelihoodofeffectiveteams•Teamshouldbeconstructedbasedonability,skill,andapplicablemembertraitsgiventhesituation•Non-personalconflictscanleadtobetterteamdecisionsCopyright©2010PearsonEducation,Inc.9-21Summary1.Contrastedgroupsandteams,andanalyzedthegrowingpopularityofusingteamsinorganizations.2.Comparedandcontrastedfourtypesofteams.3.Identifiedthecharacteristicsofeffectiveteams.4.Showedhoworganizationscouldcreateteamplayers.5.Decidedwhentouseindividualsinsteadofteams.6.Showedhowtheunderstandingofteamsdifferedinaglobalcontext.