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HistoryandAnthologyofEnglishLiteratureCourseConclusionStructureEarlyandMedievalEnglishLiteratureRenaissanceEnglishLiteratureTheEnglishLiteratureofThe17thCenturyTheEnglishliteratureofTheEnlightenmentAgeTheAgeofRomanticismTheVictorianAgeThe20th-CenturyBritishpoetryEarlyandMedievalEnglishLiterature5Century------1485“Early”heremeansEnglishliteratureinprimitiveandslaverysociety.“Medievalperiod”isaquitespecialperiodinEnglishhistory.InChinese“Medieval”or“TheMiddleAge”.TheAngle-Saxons:EnglishliteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementAnglo-SaxonLanguage(oldEnglish)BeowulfTheNorman:Feudalism,landlord&peasantbeganwiththeNorman,languagegreatlychangedandenriched.AdventuresofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTableBeowulfisconsideredasanationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.TheepicpoemBeowulfdescribesthemostheroicmanoftheAnglo-Saxontimes.ItisaDenmarkstorywhichusedalliterationandmetaphors.Thehero,Beowulf,isaseeminglyinvinciblepersonwithalltheextraordinarytraitsrequiredofahero.Heisabletousehissuper-humanphysicalstrengthandcouragetoputhispeoplebeforehimself.GeoffreyChauceristhefounderofEnglishpoetry,writer,alsotheoutstandingEnglishpoetbeforeWilliamShakespeare.HewasthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguage(MiddleEnglish),thusestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguage.HedidmuchinmakingtheLondondialectthefoundationformodernEnglishlanguage.TheCanterburyTalesisoneofthelandmarksofEnglishliterature,perhapsthegreatestworkproducedinMiddleEnglishandcertainlyamongthemostambitious.ItisoneofthefewworksoftheEnglishMiddleAgesthathashadacontinuoushistoryofpublication.RenaissanceEnglishLiterature(15C-----17C)TheRenaissancesprangfirstinItalyinthe14centuryandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.Twofeaturearestrikingofthismovement.Theoneisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature.WhilepeoplelearnedtoadmiretheGreekandLatinworksasmodelsofliteraryform,theycaughtsomethinginspiritverydifferentfromthemedievalCatholic['kæθlɪk]天主教的dogma['dɒgmə]教条.SotheloveofclassicswasbutanexpressionofthegeneraldissatisfactionattheCatholicandfeudalideas.Anotherfeatureisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.PeopleceasedtolookuponthemselvesaslivingonlyforGodandafutureworld.Thinkers,artistsandpoetsarose,whogaveexpression,sometimesinanoldguise,though,tothenewfeelingofadmirationforhumanbeautyandhumanachievement,afeelinginsharpcontrastwiththeology[θiː'ɒlədʒɪ]神学.HencearosethethoughtofHumanism.Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.人文主义思想（Humanism）的核心就是强调以“人”为本，宣传个性解放、现世幸福，并积极推进学术，传播科学知识和国家统一等新思想，对封建制度、宗教禁欲主义和上层僧侣的腐败虚伪则进行了无情的嘲讽与抨击。在欧洲历史和哲学史中，人文主义主要被用来描述14到16世纪间较中世纪比较先进的思想。一般来说今天历史学家将这段时间里文化和社会上的变化称为文艺复兴，而将教育上的变化运动称为人文主义。欧洲文艺复兴时期新兴资产阶级反封建的社会思潮。资产阶级人道主义的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的价值，要求享受人世的欢乐，要求人的个性解放和自由平等，推崇人的感性经验和理性思维。ThomasMore(1478-1535)EdmundSpenser(1552-1599)FrancisBacon(1561-1626)WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）BenJohnon(1572-1637)ThomasMore(1478-1535)Hewasborninamiddle-classfamily.hisfatherwasaprominentlawyer,andlaterajudge.Ascholarbynature,hebecamealawyer.QuiteearlyhewaselectedtoParliamentandheactedasthespokesmanofLondonmerchantswhowereoneoftheprincipalstaysoftheTudormonarchy['mɒnəkɪ]ThomasMore'sUtopia[ju:'təupiə]isoneofthemostinfluentialbooksintheWesternphilosophicalandliterarytraditionandoneofthesupremeachievementsofRenaissancehumanism.ThomasMore'sUtopia•UtopiaisMore'smasterpiece,writtenintheformofaconversationbetweenMoreandareturnedsailor.ThenameUtopiacomesfromtwoGreekwordsmeaningnoplace.Thewholeworkisdividedintotwobooks.•BookIofUtopiaisapictureofcontemporarysocialconditionsofEngland.TheauthorseverelycriticizesEnglishsocietyandexposessocialevils.•BookⅡoffersusagoodpictureofanidealsocietycalledUtopiainsomeunknownocean.Inthissocietypropertyisheldincommonandthereisnopoverty.EdmundSpenser(1552-1599)•Spenserisoftenreferredtoasthepoets'poet.•Spenser’sfameinEnglishliteratureischieflybaseduponhismasterpiece:(TheFaerieQueene).WilliamShakespeare•AnydiscussionofShakespeare'slifeisboundtobeloadedwithsuperlatives.Inthecourseofaquartercentury,Shakespearewrotesomethirty-eightplays.•Takenindividually,severalofthemareamongtheworld'sfinestwrittenworks;takencollectively,theyestablishShakespeareastheforemostliterarytalentofhisownElizabethanAgeand,evenmoreimpressively,asageniuswhosecreativeachievementhasneverbeensurpassedinanyage.WilliamShakespeare•英国著名戏剧家和诗人。出生于沃里克郡.斯特拉特福镇的一个富裕市民家庭，曾在当地文法学校学习。13岁时家道中落辍学经商，约1586年前往伦敦。先在剧院门前为贵族顾客看马，后逐渐成为剧院的杂役、演员、剧作家和股东。1597年在家乡购置了房产，一生的最后几年在家乡度过。AchievementsofShakespeare•莎士比亚是16世纪后半叶到17世纪初英国最著名的作家（本·琼斯称他为“时代的灵魂”），也是欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。他共写有37部戏剧，154首14行诗，两首长诗和其他诗歌。长诗《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》（1592～1593）和《鲁克丽丝受辱记》（1593～1594）均取材于罗马诗人维奥维德吉尔的著作，主题是描写爱情不可抗拒以及谴责违背“荣誉”观念的兽行。14行诗（1592～1598）多采用连续性的组诗形式，主题是歌颂友谊和爱情。其主要成就是戏剧，按时代、思想和艺术风格的发展，可分为早、中、晚3个时期。Shakespeare早期（1590～1600年）•这时期的伊丽莎白中央主权尚属巩固，王室跟工商业者及新贵族的暂时联盟尚在发展，1588年打败西班牙“无敌舰队”后国势大振。这使作者对生活充满乐观主义情绪，相信人文主义思想可以实现。这时期所写的历史剧和喜剧都表现出明朗、乐观的风格。历史剧如《理查三世》（1592）、《亨利三世》（1599）等，谴责封建暴君，歌颂开明君主，表现了人文主义的反封建暴政和封建割据的开明政治理想。喜剧如《仲夏夜之梦》（1596），《第十二夜》（1600）、《皆大欢喜》（16O0）等，描写温柔美丽、坚毅勇敢的妇女，冲破重重封建阻拦，终于获得爱情胜利，表现了人文主义的歌颂自由爱情和反封建禁欲束缚的社会人生主张。就连这时期写成的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（1595）也同样具有不少明朗乐观的因素。Shakespe