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现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense一构成:have/has+动词过去分词(pp)肯定主语+have/has+pp否定主语+have/hasnot+pp疑问Have/Has+主语+pp+其他Yes,主+have/has.No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.ShehasbeentoEurope.Shehasn’tbeentoEurope.HasshebeentoEurope?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.1.规则动词：与过去时变化相同。(1)一般+-edwork---worked---worked(2)以“e”结尾,+-d。live---lived---lived(3)“辅音字母+y”结尾，y变i,+-ed。cry---cried---cried(4)重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅)，双写后+-ed。drop---dropped--dropped2、不规则动词，见不规则表（p120）动词过去分词(pp)变化规则二含义及用法1表示过去发生的动作或事情，对现在的影响和产生的结果。常用的关键词yet(否/疑),already已经ever/never曾经/从来不just刚刚before以前recently,lately最近inthepast/last5years过去五年bynow,sofar,uptonow,tillnow迄今once,twice…一次…all/inone’slife某人一生（1）already肯定句:“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”Haveyouhadbreakfastalready？(表示强调)I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.(更常见)=I’vehadbreakfastalready.(2)yet否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.注意：当在肯定句中含already或just，变否定时，在句末加yet。Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.●Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse.Motherhasn’tcleanedthehouseyet.●Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.(3)ever肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”I’veeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?(4)never否定句:句中“从来没有”I’veneverbeentoBeijing.注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,将ever变neverHehasevermademeal.Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermademeal.带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”(5)just用于句中,表示“刚刚”I’vejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?(6)before用于句末,表示“以前”I’veseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?②before与ago，just与justnowbefore表示现在看来的“以前”，常单独用于现在完成时中，一般不与表示一段时间的词语连用，而ago表示在过去某时间的“以前”，常用“一段时间+ago”的形式，与过去时连用；just常与现在完成时连用，多用于句中助动词之后修饰谓语动词，justnow多与一般过去时连用，一般用于句末。如：•Haveyoumethimbefore?•你以前见过他吗？•Mybrothermetherinthestreettwodaysago.•我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。•Ihavejusthadbreakfast.•我刚吃过早餐。•Shehadbreakfastjustnow.•她刚吃了早餐。A:______yourbrother_________anewwatch?(buy)B:Notyet.KeywordsHasboughtyetA:_______youever_______tothepark?(be)B:Yes,Ihave.KeywordsHavebeenyeteverI______never______ofanythinglikethat.(hear)KeywordshaveheardyeteverneverTom___________inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago.(work)KeywordshasworkedyeteverneversinceA:Howlong______you________inthisschool?(teach)B:For6years.KeywordshavetaughtyeteverneversinceforI______just________thedesk,youcantakeittoyourclassroom.(mend)Keywordshavemendedyeteverneversinceforjust_______you_______theForbiddenCity(紫禁城)before?(visit)KeywordsHavevisitedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforeHe____already______ajob.(find)KeywordshasfoundyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadyWe_______only____________thefirstfivequestionssofar.(discuss)KeywordshavediscussedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofarThey______________over20,000fruittreesuptonow.(plant)KeywordshaveplantedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowGreatchanges_________________inBeijinginthepast10years.(takeplace)Keywordshavetakenplaceyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsHe__________alotofgoodthingsinhislife.(do)Keywordshasdoneyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifeI____________herlately.(notsee)Keywordshaven’tseenyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyI_________________himrecently.(nothearfrom)Keywordshaven’theardfromyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyHe___________inthiscityeversincethen.(live)Keywordshaslivedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethenHe___________inthishighschooltillnow.(teach)Keywordshastaughtyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethentillnow2.表示一个从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。注意：动词延续性（1）for+Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.Shehasworkedfor10hours.一段时间（2）since+(过去的)时间点Ihavebeenheresince2000.Hehasworkedasalawyersince5yearsago?They’velivedinCQsincetheymarriedin2000.注1)：since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。Ihavebeenhere(ever)sincethen.注2)：对for或since引导的时间状语提问用howlongIhavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?注3)：短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用于howlong问句中。（误）Ihaveleftfor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawayfor5years.※短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换短暂性(短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性(长动词)动词.leave--come/go(to)--arrive(at/in)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/an…beonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbeShehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.hadbuyhave/hashadHowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadAnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeninIhavegottoParisforoneweek.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninMybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.beeninbeenasoldiercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierIhaveleftShanghaifor3days.beenawayfor3days.com