现在完成时被动语态

ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice现在完成时的被动语态1)现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用,如:yesterday,twoweeksago,in1978,whenIgotthere等,现在完成时常与already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just等不表示明确1.复习两种时态（主动）的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since,for的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如:now,today,thismonth,thisyear,recently,thesefewdays等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be,have,like,love,know,believe,hate等。一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况,与现在毫无关系。2)现在完成进行时(have/has+been+现在分词）1)一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+过去分词）如:Theworkisdoneduringtwodays.2)一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+过去分词）2.七种被动语态形式如:Hewassenttothehospitalimmediatelyaftertheaccident.3)一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall+be+过去分词或+begoingto+be+过去分词）如:Theworkwillbefinishedsoon.4)现在进行时的被动语态(is/am/are+being+过去分词）如:Thebridgeisnowbeingconstructed.5)现在完成时的被动语态(have/has+been+过去分词）如:Theradiohasbeenrepairedwhenwephonedtheshop.6)带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+be+过去分词)如:Thiscanbedoneinafewminutes.7)动词不定式的被动式(tobe+过去分词)如:Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,其构成是:have/hasbeen+done。例如：1.Thedirtyclotheshavebeenwashed.脏衣服都已经洗了。2.Theplanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertsforthreetimes.这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。现在完成时的被动语态3.ThechildhasbeentakencareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears.这些年来,这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。现在完成时被动态：have/has+been+动词过去分词现在完成进行时：have/has+been+动词现在分词它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上,被动态接的是过去分词形式,现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如：TheTempleofZhangFeihasbeenrebuilt.张飞庙已经过重建。2.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如:Thedoorhasbeenlocked.门已经被锁上了。3.动作或状态始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去。如：Hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes.有人告诉他这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他）（我或别人现在进不去）4.用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：We’llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.工作一完成我们就立即动身。注意:1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:[误]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,takepartin,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：[误]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：[误]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.[正]Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。被动语态的用法:(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。如:ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动,改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.Underlinetheuseofthepresentperfectvoiceinthefollowingpoem.Thenfillinthechartbelow.LookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedLookatthewayyourhairhasbeencombedLookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedYou’dbetterdothemagain.LookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedLookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutLookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.ThingsthathavebeendonewellThingsthathavebeendonebadlythewaytheflowershavebeenplantedthewaythegrasshasbeencutthewaythepathshavebeensweptthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedthewayyourhairhasbeencombedthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedReadthispoemaloud,payingattentiontotherhythmandintonation.Thenwriteyourownpoem.Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway_______________________________________________thetablehasbeenlaidtheglasseshavebeenplacedthefoodhasbeencookedYou’dbetterdothemagain.Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway_________________________________________________________yourbedhasbeenmadeyourcarpethasbeensweptyourshoeshavebeentidiedIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.Exercises1.Bothmybrotherworkatthepowerstationthat___inmyhometown.A.hassetupB.hasbeensetupC.wassetupD.issetup2._____thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold3.Allthepreparationforthetask____,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendone4.----Howlong____atthisjob?----Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed5.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday____yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided6.Betty___injuredsincelastSaturday.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.has7.Thatbook_________intoatleast20foreignlanguages.A.hassaidtobetranslatedB.hasbeensaidtohavetranslatedC.issaidthatithadbeentranslatedD.issaidtohavebeentranslated注:该句的句型是:Itissaidthat…/people(they)saidthat…/thatbookissaidto…根据句意是已经被译成了20多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。8.–Hi,Tom,youlooktired.--Ofcourse.I___thelivingroomallday.A.had