Lesson fourteen非谓语&定语从句

LessonFourteenMay.11TaskTodayOne:reviewtheInfiniteandtheParticipleTwo:Learnattributiveclauseandtranslatesentences.TaskOneReviewthedifferentusagesofInfinite,GerundandParticipleTranslatesomesentenceswiththemUsedasSubject:(1)Gerund:usuallyexpressinganabstractorageneralaction；Infinite:usuallyexpressingaconcreteorspecificaction;这里禁止抽烟。Smokingisprohibitedhere．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch．(2)Gerund:usuallyexpressingaknownthingorexperience。Infinite:usuallyexpressingunfinishedthingorapurposeaction爬山很有趣。Climbingmountainsisinteresting．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring．UsedasPredicativeInfinite:usuallyexpressingaconcreteaction,especiallyafutureactionTodotwothingsatatimeistodoneither.一次做两件事等于未做。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建议是立刻开始干。Gerund:usuallyexpressingageneraloranabstractactionOurworkisservingthepeople．我们的工作是为人民服务。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps．他的爱好是集邮。AsAttributive(1)Infinite:1)Ithasthesubject-predicaterelationwiththeformerobject昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。ThetraintoarrivewasfromLondon．2)Ithastheverb-objectrelationwiththeformerobject给他拿点儿东西吃。Gethimsomethingtoeat．早上他有很多工作要做。Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning．AsAttributiveParticiple：1)PresentP：activemeaning；PastP：passivemeaning;2)PresentP:sthisdoing;inprogress；PastP：expressingastate；sthiscompletedorfinishedBeforeanoun:adevelopingcountry;adevelopedcountry;boilingwater;boiledwater（buildingmaterials,aswimmingpool;thesleepingboy,thecomingnewyear）AsAttributiveHerushedintotheburninghouse．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。AfteranounThechildstandingoverthereismybrother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。Haveyougotyourwatchrepaired?你拿到那个修好的表了吗?AsAttributive(3)timerelation:(1)Infinite:sthwillhappen/do；(2)PresentP:sthishappening/doing；(3)PastP:sthhashappened/done。eg：DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.会议上讨论的那个问题很重要。AsAdverbial（1）DifferencesbetweenPresentPasadverbialandPastPasadverbial:1）PresentP:activerelationHewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后将门随手关上。Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。2）PastP:passiverelationGivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。AsAdverbial(2)DifferencebetweenInfiniteasadverbialandParticipleasadverbial:1)Participleasadverbial：accompanyingInfiniteasadverbial：purposeTheystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。2)Participleasadverbial：reason;time;condition;(beginningofasentence)Infiniteasadverbial:reason;result;purpose(end)Readingattentively，heforgotthetimeforlunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(reason)Readingcarefully，hefoundsomethinghehadnotknownbefore．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(time)Readingcarefully，you’lllearnsomethingnew．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(condition)Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(result)Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(result)Wearegladtohearthenews．我们很高兴听到这消息。(reason)theAttributiveClause定语从句Attributive（定语）1.Usedtomodifyanounorpronoun2.position:beforeanoun/pronoun；afteranoun/pronoun3.WeusuallytranslateitintoaChinesesentencewiththeChineseword“的”定语mybookaholidayofsevendaysaseven-dayholidaysomethingimportantagoodholidayacountrydevelopingfastatoyfactoryabookwrittenbyJ.k.RowlingadevelopingcountryabooktobepublishedadevelopedcountryabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling1.放在名词前2.由单个的代词/数词/形容词/名词/-ing/-ed来充当1.放在名词或代词后2.由介词结构／形容词／-ing结构／-ed结构／todo结构／句子来充当前置定语后置定语AttributiveClause1.Definition:ThesentencewhichwasusedtomodifyanounorpronouniscalledAttributiveClause2.PutrightafteranounorpronounThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.RowlingAttributiveClause定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause（限制性定语从句）TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause（非限制性定语从句）TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。3.TwonecessaryelementsofattributiveclauseThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling①antecedent先行词（nounorpronoun）②relativeword(关系词/引导词)relativepronoun:that/which/who/whom/whoserelativeadverb：when/where/why…Therelations:Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=thattheboy=whotheboy’s=whoseintheschool=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词Therelations:IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspeak.ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=whyintheway=that关系词指代内容充当成分whowhomthatwhichwhosewhenwherewhy人主／宾／表人宾人／事物主／宾／表事物主／宾人的／事物的时间状语地点状语原因状语时间地点原因定(后通常加名词或代词)1.Doyouknowtheboy____________legwasbrokenwhenhefelloutofatree?2.Thisistheboy____________sisterisafamoussinger.3.Theletter___________Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommybrother.4.Thefilm