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在英语中,主语和谓语有两种顺序:一是主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序(NaturalOrder).反之,如果谓语在主语前面,就是倒装语序(InvertedOrder).倒装语序全部倒装部分倒装FullInversionPartialInversion倒装的原因一是语法结构的需要,一是为了强调。在全部倒装的句子中,整个谓语都放在主语的前面.在部分倒装的句子中,只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词、情态动词、或系动词be等）放在主语的前面，其余部分仍在主语之后。全部倒装1.在以here,there，out,in,up,down,away,off等方位副词或以now,then时间副词开头的句子里，以示强调，采用全部倒装。如：•Herearesomepicture-books.•Upwentthearrowintotheair.•Inrushedastrangeman.•Nowcomesthebus.•Thencameacryforhelp.但当代词作主语时不用倒装。如：•Away/Offtheywent./Therehecomes.全部倒装2.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，将表语或表示地点的词语置于句首，采用全部倒装。•(Tothe)Southofthetownlietwosteelfactories.•Betweenthetwobuildingsstandsatalltree.•OntheothersideisnorthernXinjiang.•Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.•PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorLiandmanyotherguests.部分倒装1.用于so,nor,neither开头的句子中，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物。句型so/as+be(助动词或情态动词）+主语。句型nor/neither+be(助动词或情态动词）+主语。•IfTomgoestotheparty,sowillMary.•Oureatinghabitshavechanged,ashasourwayoflife.•“Iwon’tdosuchathing.”“Nor/NeitherwillI.”•Ifyoudon’tgo,neithershallI.但如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，尽管是用so开头，语序也不颠倒。•__Itwascoldyesterday.__Soitwas.•__TomorrowwillbeMonday.__Soitwill.如果前面一句话表示复杂的内容，用此句型表示：Soitis(thesame)with…___Ilikepopmusicanddon’tlikeclassicalmusic.___SoitiswithMary./SoitisthesamewithMary.2.用于以never,not,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,seldom,little,nowhere,atnotime,bynomeans,notonce,nolonger等含有否定意义的词开头的句子。如：•Bynomeans/Atnotimeshallwegiveup.•NeverhaveIbeentoAmerica.•Notaworddidhesayatthemeeting.•Littledoeshedoeveryday.•Nolongeraretheystayingwithus.•Notoncehasshefailedtokeepherpromise.3.在notonly…butalso…;nosooner…than…;hardly…when…;scarcely…when…;notuntil;so…that…;such…that…句型中,主句倒装,从句不倒装,但要注意:neither…nor…连接的句子前后两个分句都要倒装。•Notonlyisshesmartbutalsosheisbeautiful.•Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.•Notuntilmidnightdidhegohomeafterwork.•Sofrightenedwashethathecouldn’tmovealittle.•Hardly/Scarcely/hadheenteredtheofficewhenherealizedhehadforgottenhisreport.•Neitherdidheknowaboutitnordidhecareaboutit.4.用于only所修饰的副词、介词短语、或状语从句开头时。如：•Onlythendidhegettoknowtheimportanceofbeinghonest.•OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.•Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1945washeabletogethappilybacktowork.但only修饰主语时不倒装。OnlyDrYangcansavehislife.5.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，句子要倒装：表语或状语或动词原形+as/though+主语+其他注意：1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。2)句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Childas/thoughsheis,sheknowsalot.Muchas/thoughIlikethecolorTVset,Ican’taffordit.Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。6。用于虚拟语气的条件从句中。•在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。•Wereittoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.•Hadyouputonmoreclothes,youwouldn’thavecaughtcold.•ShouldMr.Whitecall,whatwouldyousay?7.在一些表示祝愿的句子中。•Mayyoumakegreatprogress!•Mayyoubehappy!8.构成被动语态的过去分词或构成进行时态的现在分词可以提到句首，而形成部分倒装。•Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungmenplayingchess.=Agroupofyoungmenplayingchessareseatedontheground.•Hiddenundergroundisawealthofgold,silver,copperandlead.•VisitingBeijingwere300Japaneseyoungpeople.=300JapaneseyoungpeoplewerevisitingBeijing.•Standingbesidethedeskisourheadmaster.倍数•1.“A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+B”。Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.2.“A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+B”TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.3.“A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B”Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.4.“The+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B”一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句与过去事实相反与现在事实相反与将来事实相反条件状语从句主句haddonewere/diddidweretodoshoulddowould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+do1.主句与从句的构成虚拟语气用于状语从句2.虚拟语气用于定语从句常用于句型“Itis(high)time(that)…”中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用did间或用should+doExamples•It’stimethatIpickedup/shouldpickupmydaughter.•It’shightimewedid/shoulddoourwork.•It’stimethatwestopped/shouldstopthisquarrel.3.虚拟语气用于定语从句常用于句型“Itis(high)time(that)…”中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用did间或用should+doExamples•It’stimethatIpickedup/shouldpickupmydaughter.•It’shightimewedid/shoulddoourwork.•It’stimethatwestopped/shouldstopthisquarrel.4.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用①wish+宾语从句,表示不能实现的愿望。wishS.+haddoneS.+did/wereS.+couldmightwould②wouldrather+宾语从句，表示一种愿望。wouldrathersb.didsth.wouldrathersb.haddonesth.Examples•Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.•Iwouldratheryouhadgonethereyesterday.•IcouldgomyselfbutIwouldratheryouwentthisafternoon.③order/commandsuggest/advise/recommend/proposedemand/insist/desire/request/require/urge+宾语从句，表示命令、建议、要求。宾语从句的谓语动词由(should)+动词原形构成。Examples•Heorderedthatthebridgebecompletedsoon.•Iproposethatwe(should)setadeadlineforhandingintheplan.•Herequestedhe(should)begivenanchancetotry.5.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用谓语动词的虚拟语气用(should)+动词原形结构•Itisnecessary/important/naturalthatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.•Itisnecessary/importantthathe(should)besentthereatonce.•Itisordered/commanded/suggested/advised/recommended/proposed/demanded/desired/requested/requiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybynight.•Itisstrange/surprising/apity/ashamethatyou(should)besocareless.youaresocareless.6.虚拟语气在表语从句中的运用作表示命令、建议、要求等的名词order,advice,suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,demand,plan,idea等的表语从句中，从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。•MysuggestionisthatT