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定语从句第一讲一、宾语从句概念复习：Completethecomplexsentenceswiththegivensentences用所给的句子完成下列复合句：Idon’tknow…whosearticlewaspublished?Idon’tknowwhosearticlewaspublished.Iwanttoknow…Whathashappenedtohim?Iwanttoknowwhathashappenedtohim.Canyoutellme…Didyouseeanygoodfilms?Canyoutellmeif/whetheryousawanygoodfilms?Ihavenoidea…whichschoolwereyouatlastyear?IhavenoideawhichschoolyouwereatlastyearIbelieve…Hisstoryistrue.Ibelievethathisstoryistrue.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，用所需疑问词引导宾语从句。疑问词有相应的疑问意义，在宾语从句中作一定的句子成分。陈述句变为宾语从句，用that引导宾语从句,that只引导从句，无任何词汇意义，不在宾语从句中作任何成分，that可以省略。whose谁的一般疑问句变为宾语从句，用if/whether引导宾语从句；if/whether意为“是否”，不在宾语从句中作任何成分。1.Theteacheraskedhimwhichlessonswerehard.2.Thesedictionariesarealluseful.Ireallycan’tdecidewhichIshouldchoose.3.Pleasetryonthesejacketsandseewhichisfitforyou.在上面这些复合句中，which引导宾语从句，意为“哪个，哪些”。句1.中which在宾语从句里作定语，修饰lesson;句2.中which在宾语从句里作choose的宾语；句3中which在宾语从句里作主语。which引导宾语从句时，意为“哪个，哪些”。在宾语从句里作定语、宾语、主语。that引导宾语从句时，只引导从句，无任何词汇意义，不在宾语从句中作任何成分。Makesure_____theelectricityisturnedoffandthewindowsareshut.Wehavetodecidetoday_____computerweshouldchoose.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it引导宾语从句时that和which不能互相替换CB1.TheyfinallyfoundoutwhohadtakenJohn’smoney.2.Tellmewhoyoudecidetomarry.3.Youshouldtrytorememberwhoyoulentyourdictionaryto.在上面这些复合句中，who引导宾语从句，意为“谁”。句1.中who在宾语从句里作主语句2.中who在宾语从句里作动词marry的宾语句3.中who在宾语从句里作介词to的宾语二、定语从句1.Agoodfriendissomeonewhohelpsmeinneed.好朋友就是在患难中帮助我的人。从句whohelpsmeinneed作定语，修饰限定前面的代词someone。作定语的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的代词叫做关系代词关系代词who①代替先行词someone，②引导定语从句，③在定语从句中作主语。先行词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，从句谓语与先行词保持人称和数的一致1.Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatlearnEnglishasaforeignlanguageismorethan750million.把英语作为外语学习的人数有七亿五千多万。2.Apenfriend,orpenpal,issomeone(whom/who/that)youoftenwritelettersto.笔友就是你经常给其写信的人。who/that指代先行词people,引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。关系代词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略，从句谓语与先行词保持人称和数的一致。(whom/who/that)指代先行词theboy,引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，即使省略了也不能再用人称代词代替先行词作宾语。如不能说：Apenfriend,orpenpal,issomeoneyouoftenwritelettersto.him.指代人主语宾语关系代词who/thatwhom(who/that)•关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不能省略，从句谓语与先行词保持人称和数的一致。•关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即使省略了也不能再用人称代词代替先行词作宾语。如不能说：•Apenfriendissomeoneyouoftenwritelettersto.him.Thelesson(that/which)wecanlearnfromChuckisthatfriendsareteachers.Manypeoplewanttovisitplacesthat/whicharefamous,interestingorbeautiful.许多人想游览著名有趣秀丽的地方。从查克身上汲取的教训是朋友是老师。learnalessonfromsb从某人身上汲取教训that/which指代先行词thelesson,引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，可以省略。此句不能说成:Thelesson(that/which)wecanlearnitfromChuckisthatfriendsareteachers.itfromthat/which指代先行词places,引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。关系代词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略，从句谓语与先行词保持人称和数的一致。Iliveinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.1.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswerecoldandwet,startedcrying.我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。Itswindowfacessouth.whose代替形容词性物主代词its，引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰限定其后的名词，不能省略。whoseIts2.NextIcalledatravelagentwhosetelephonenumberIfouundinanewspaper.•关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不能省略，从句谓语与先行词保持人称和数的一致。•关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即使省略了也不能再用人称代词代替先行词作宾语。关系代词主语宾语定语指代事物that/which(that/which)whose指代人who/that(whom/who/that)whose逗号后和介词后绝对不能省略关系代词，并且绝对不能用that代替物主代词哪个关系代词用途最少？哪个关系代词用途最广？TheboywithwhomJohnspokeismymonitor.Betty,whohasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.Wetookafewbottlesofwater,someapplesandoranges,whichweputintomybag.ThecamerawithwhichItookthepictureoftheembracingwasverygood.1.Checkisabusinessman_____alwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.A.whoareB.whoisC.whichisD.is2.Heisasuccessfulmanagerinacompany_____mailallovertheworld.A.thatsendsB.thatsendC.whichsendD.sends3.Chuckdevelopsafriendshipwithaunusualfriend—avolleyball_____hecalls_____Wilson.A.who,itB./,/C.that,itD./,it4.Agoodfriendissomeone_____happinessandsorrowwithme.A.whoshareB.whosharesC.sharesD.whomshares根据题意，这位商人总是很忙。关系代词指代单数名词businessman，在定语从句中作主语，定语从句的谓语应该和先行词保持人称和数，所以用三单形式is，不能用are，排除A；关系代词指人，不能用which，排除C;关系代词作主语时不能省略，排除D。根据题意，公司寄送邮件。关系代词指代company，在定语从句中作主语，所以定语从句的谓语应该和先行词company保持人称和数的一致，用三单形式，不能用动词原形，排除B、C；关系代词作主语时不能省略，排除D。根据题意，他把排球叫做威尔逊。关系代词指代物，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，即使作宾语的关系代词省略了，它作宾语的事实是存在的，不能再用人称代词代替先行词作宾语，以免造成宾语的重复，所以排除A、C、D。根据题意，这个人分享我的快乐分担我的痛苦。关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语，不能省略，排除C，且定语从句的谓语和先行词someone保持人称和数的一致，用三单形式，故排除A；whom不能作主语，排除D。Fillinthegapswithwho/whom/that/which1.Theearthquake_____shookthecityin1906wasthebiggestintheAmericanhistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople_____losttheirhomes.3.Thehouse_____theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.4.Thehouse_____isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninanearthquake.5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_____Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.6.People_____studytheearthquakesthinkthattherewillbeanotherbiggeronesoon.thatwhichthatwhichthatwhichwhomwhothatwhothatwhothatTheeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtyesterdaywerenotfresh.Thefriendwasn’thungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.Thefriendwhocametosupperlastnightwasn’thungry.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparents’farm.Heprefersthecheese(that/which)comesfromhisparents’farm.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.Thenoodles(that/which)youcookedweredelicious.Jointhesepairsofsentencesusingwho/that/which单句改错：1.Theboycametosupperwasveryhungry.2.Themanwhogrowvegetableshasgrownrich.3.ThewomanImetherinthemarketwasatschoolwithme.4.ThefoodIcookedit